Ain Shams Scholar Collection:
http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/2
2024-03-26T16:45:06ZGastroprotective Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Oleuropein: An In Vivo Proof of Concept
http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/213936
Title: Gastroprotective Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Oleuropein: An In Vivo Proof of Concept
Authors: Abd-Allah, Hend; Youshia, John; Abdel Jaleel, Gehad A.; Hassan, Azza; El Madani, Mevidette; Nasr, Maha
Abstract: Oleuropein is the main constituent of olive leaf extract, and it has shown antioxidant and gastroprotective properties against gastric ulcers. Chitosan nanoparticles are known for their mucoadhesive abilities, and consequently, they can increase the retention time of drugs in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, loading oleuropein onto chitosan nanoparticles is expected to enhance its biological efficiency. Oleuropein-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared and characterized for particle size, surface charge, in vitro release, and anti-inflammatory activity. Their in vivo efficacy was assessed by measuring specific inflammatory and protective biomarkers, along with histopathological examination. The optimum oleuropein chitosan nanoparticles were cationic, had a size of 174.3 ± 2.4 nm and an entrapment efficiency of 92.81%, and released 70% of oleuropein within 8 h. They recorded a lower IC50 in comparison to oleuropein solutions for membrane stabilization of RBCs (22.6 vs. 25.6 µg/mL) and lipoxygenase inhibition (7.17 vs. 15.6 µg/mL). In an ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in vivo model, they decreased IL-1β, TNF-α, and TBARS levels by 2.1, 1.7, and 1.3 fold, respectively, in comparison to increments caused by exposure to ethanol. Moreover, they increased prostaglandin E2 and catalase enzyme levels by 2.4 and 3.8 fold, respectively. Immunohistochemical examination showed that oleuropein chitosan nanoparticles markedly lowered the expression of IL-6 and caspase-3 in gastric tissues in comparison to oleuropein solution. Overall, oleuropein chitosan nanoparticles showed superior gastroprotective effects to oleuropein solution since comparable effects were demonstrated at a 12-fold lower drug dose, delineating that chitosan nanoparticles indeed enhanced the potency of oleuropein as a gastroprotective agent.2024-01-22T00:00:00ZRemodeled tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) parade via natural killer cells reprogramming in breast cancer
http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/213927
Title: Remodeled tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) parade via natural killer cells reprogramming in breast cancer
Authors: el anany, mona; Mostafa, Dina; Hamdy, Nadia M
Abstract: Breast cancer (BC) is the main cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally. Despite substantial advances in the identification and management of primary tumors, traditional therapies including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation cannot completely eliminate the danger of relapse and metastatic illness. Metastasis is controlled by microenvironmental and systemic mechanisms, including immunosurveillance. This led to the evolvement of immunotherapies that has gained much attention in the recent years for cancer treatment directed to the innate immune system. The long forgotten innate immune cells known as natural killer (NK) cells have emerged as novel targets for more effective therapeutics for BC. Normally, NK cells has the capacity to identify and eradicate tumor cells either directly or by releasing cytotoxic granules, chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines. Yet, NK cells are exposed to inhibitory signals by cancer cells, which causes them to become dysfunctional in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in BC, supporting tumor escape and spread. Potential mechanisms of NK cell dysfunction in BC metastasis have been recently identified. Understanding these immunologic pathways driving BC metastasis will lead to improvements in the current immunotherapeutic strategies. In the current review, we highlight how BC evades immunosurveillance by rendering NK cells dysfunctional and we shed the light on novel NK cell- directed therapies.2023-10-01T00:00:00ZMetformin Reduces the Risk of Diabetic Neuropathy Among Egyptian Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Case-Control Study
http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/213908
Title: Metformin Reduces the Risk of Diabetic Neuropathy Among Egyptian Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Yomne Hicham; Mona Abdelsalam Besibes; Amr A Mahfouz; Lamia El Wakeel; Sayed, Rana
Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the association of different patient factors with the occurrence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. A case-control study was conducted on a total sample of 180 Egyptian type 2 diabetic patients. A full medical, medication, social, and family history was collected for the recruited sample. Glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, and microalbuminuria were assessed. Among 180 patients recruited, 128 patients suffered from DPN. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) were higher among patients suffering from DPN (p-value = 0.007 and 0.005, respectively). Metformin usage was the only factor that showed a significant decrease in the odds of developing DPN (odds ratio 0.511, 95% confidence interval 0.264- 0.911). Subgroup analysis showed that metformin decreased DPN among males rather than females (p-value = 0.006 vs 0.616, respectively). In conclusion, Serum LDL-C and TC are both determinants for increased risk of DPN among type 2 diabetic patients. Metformin usage decreases DPN in a sex-specific dimorphic fashion where females are less liable to the protective effect of metformin against DPN.2023-12-01T00:00:00ZCorrelating WHO COVID-19 interim guideline 2020.5 and testing capacity, accuracy, and logistical challenges in Africa
http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/213610
Title: Correlating WHO COVID-19 interim guideline 2020.5 and testing capacity, accuracy, and logistical challenges in Africa
Authors: Mosi, Lydia; Sylverken, Augustina Angelina; Oyebola, Kolapo; Badu, Kingsley; Dukhi, Natisha; Goonoo, Nowsheen; Mante, Priscilla Kolibea; Zahouli, Julien; Amankwaa, Ebenezer Forkuo; Tolba, Mai; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; de Souza, Dziedzom Komi; Matoke-Muhia, Damaris
Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2 was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. As of 21st April 2021, the disease had affected more than 143 million people with more than 3 million deaths worldwide. Urgent effective strategies are required to control the scourge of the pandemic. Rapid sample collection and effective testing of appropriate specimens from patients meeting the suspect case definition for COVID-19 is a priority for clinical management and outbreak control. The WHO recommends that suspected cases be screened for SARS-CoV-2 virus with nucleic acid amplification tests such as real-time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (rRT-PCR). Other COVID-19 screening techniques such as serological and antigen tests have been developed and are currently being used for testing at ports of entry and for general surveillance of population exposure in some countries. However, there are limited testing options, equipment, and trained personnel in many African countries. Previously, positive patients have been screened more than twice to determine viral clearance prior to discharge after treatment. In a new policy directive, the WHO now recommends direct discharge after treatment of all positive cases without repeated testing. In this review, we discuss COVID-19 testing capacity, various diagnostic methods, test accuracy, as well as logistical challenges in Africa with respect to the WHO early discharge policy.2021-01-01T00:00:00Z