Vitamin D Deficiency and Mortality in Critically Ill Adult

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D (VD) took a lot of attention in recent years due to a global interest of VD deficiency related to an increased risk of a variety of human diseases. Aims: The aim of the study is to understand the effect of vitamin D deficiency on mortality of critically ill patient. Methodology: Vitamin D is a group of fat soluble vitamins that play a significant role in the regulation of bone metabolism, it also plays a major role in extraskeletal metabolic processes. Vitamin D deficiency is defined by most experts as a 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of less than 20 ng per milliliter (50 nmol per liter). >20 ng/mL is considered sufficient, 11–20 ng/mL is considered insufficient, and ≤10 ng/mL is considered deficient. Conclusions:Deficiency of VD is very common in both critically ill patients and general population and has been associated with various negative outcomes in critical illness, including sepsis, infection , duration of hospital stay, length of mechanical ventilation , and mortality. There is a probapility that therapeutic VD treatment could help in preventing poor clinical outcomes; furthermore, the actual clinical improvements, dosing, and frequency have yet to be Proved. The level of VD treatment has been controversial and has varied by expert opinion. VD supplementation has been elucidated, to be safe in both critically ill and healthy populations with low reports of toxicity. There is a lot of evidence leading to the need for improving VD status; Furthermore, more interventional trials are needed to define the benefit and safety in the critical care population. Until more questions are answered, definitive recommendations for VD treatment in critical illness cannot be made. Keywords: Vitamin D, Deficiency and Mortality, Critically Ill Adult, extraskeletal metabolic