Glaucoma is well suited to investigation & treatment using ultrasound. The mechanisms of many disorders associated with glaucoma are related to anatomic abnormalities of the anterior segment. It has been impossible until recently to examme the relationships of the structures surrounding the posterior chamber clinically, as they are hidden from view behind the iris. Wide pupillary dilatation may make the ciliary processes visible but at the expense of being able to ascertain their relationship to the iris under physiologic conditions. Ultrasound biomicroscopy has given us a new way of looking at disease in the living eye. We can now observe the interrelationships and movement of structures that previously could not be imaged.

Abstract

general anesthesia is not a single graded effect but a complex state which includes hypnosis, amnesia, supression of stress responses to painful stimuli & production of a quiet surgical field. Awareness is the ability to recall events occuring during general

anesthesia. A problem occuring particularly when neuromuscular blocking drugs are used with light anesthesia. There are two degrees of inadequate depth of anesthesia leading to the formation of two types of memory: Conscious or Explicit memory and Unconscious or Implicit memory. Types of awareness include:

• Conscious awareness with pain.

• Conscious awareness without pain.

• Conscious awareness with amnesia.

• Perception without conscious awareness.

Awareness under general anesthesia, though rare, is considered the worst experience a patient undergoing surgery can go through. That is why much attention has been paid to the prevention of awareness & to the proper monitoring of anesthetic depth. Monitoring of anesthetic depth include:

• Pharmacologic principles for measuring anesthetic depth.

• Movement detection.

• Autonomic responses.

• Heart rate variability.

• Spontaneous facial electromyography.

• Espohageal contractility:

• Skin conductance.