Hematological and Pathological Studies on the Effect of Warfarin in Male Albino Rats

Abstract

The current study was carried out on adult male albino rats to investigate the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of warfarin 0.03 and 0.06 dose on some biochemical and hematological parameters in parallel to histopathological changes in liver, spleen and kidney. One hundred male rats were divided in to five equal groups (20 rats/group) as follow : a) Group 1 (G1) : served as control and received day per day oral dosage of distilled water for four weeks. b) Group 2 (G2) : received day per day oral dose of 0.03 mg/100g b.wt of warfarin for two weeks. c) Group 3 (G3): received day per day oral dose of 0.03 mg/100g b.wt of warfarin for four weeks. d) Group 4 (G4): received day per day oral dose of 0.06 mg/100g b.wt of warfarin for two weeks. e) Group 5(G5): received day per day oral dose of 0.06 mg/100g b.wt of warfarin for four weeks. f) At the end of each experimental period, the animals were sacrified. The blood was collected in to clean test tubes and left to coagulate at room temperature, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minute and serum was then separated for the estimation of some biochemical, oxidative and antioxidative parameters. Whole blood was also collected from each animal into clean vials containing sodium citrated (200mg/1.8ml blood). Plasma was separated for determination of prothrombin time (PT), and partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Samples from liver, Kidney and spleen of each animal were obtained for histopathological examination. At the end of each experimental period the studied parameters were measured after 15 days and 30 days. Warfarin induced significant increase of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) at P<0.05 as compared to normal control group. However, warfarin treatment induced non significant change of protein C and protein S at P > 0.05 as compared to normal control group. Non significant change was observed in the levels of chlolesterol and triglycerides after treatment of warfarin compared to control group. Moreover, non significant change was observed in the levels of high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein. Treatment of rats with warfarin showed increment in serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine amino transferase, this elevation was found to be significant (p>0.05). Furthermore, treatment of rats with warfarin decreased serum creatine kinase, this decrease was found to be non significant (p > 0.05) after two weeks (group 1). In addition, treatment of rats with warfarin elevated Serum Lactate dehydrogenase, this elevation was found to be non significant (p > 0.05). A significant decrease occurred in blood viscosity and red blood cell osmotic fragility (P< 0.05) after treatment with warfarin. Warfrain treatment clarified a significant decrease in GSH and GSSG (P< 0.05) after treatment with warfarin. Treatment of rats with warfarin showed elevated serum total oxidant status, this elevation was found to be significant (p <0.05). In addition, treatment of rats with warfarin decreased serum total antioxidant, this decrease was found to be significant (p <0.05). As well as significant change recorded among the two treated groups.