The Relationship between Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Atherosclerosis in Patients on Regular Hemodialysis

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disorder is a major cause of death among the world populations with chronic kidney disease. However, concomitant conditions like renal anemia cause patients with chronic kidney disease to have reduced tolerability to exercise, thereby masking the symptoms of cardiovascular disorder. Extensive investigations into cardiovascular disease for patients with chronic kidney disease are not allowed, primarily because of socioeconomic reasons. Thus, a screening test is very important and essential to detect cardiovascular disease before considering specific studies for asymptomatic patients.