Comparison of Endometrial Flush and Brush Cytology in Women with Post Menopausal Bleeding

Abstract

Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) refers to any uterine bleeding in a menopausal woman. All postmenopausal women with unexpected uterine bleeding patients should be evaluated for endometrial carcinoma since this potentially lethal disease will be the cause of bleeding in approximately 10 percent (range 1 to 25 percent, depending upon risk factors). However, the most common cause of bleeding in these women is atrophy of the vaginal mucosa or endometrium. In the early menopausal years, endometrial hyperplasia, polyps, and submucosal fibroids are also common etiologies. A strategy of endometrial biopsy after endometrial thickness measurement by trans-vaginal ultrasound is the most cost-effective diagnostic strategy for patients with postmenopausal bleeding. Very few studies in