Role of Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct exploration in Updated Management of CBD Stones
Ahmed Hamdy Taha Allam;
Abstract
Choledocholithiasis is a common problem that usually necessitates surgical intervention.
CBD stones are suspected if there is a history of pancreatitis or cholangitis, or there is an increased serum level of conjugated bilirubin, SGPT, SGOT and alk. phosph., and diagnosis is confirmed if there is dilatation of CBD more than 8mm or stone in the CBD at abdominal ultra-sonography or the presence of stone in the CBD at MRCP.
Many different strategies are available for the management of CBD stones:
• Open surgical cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration (CBDE) and stone extraction.
• (LC), preoperative (ERCP) plus sphincterotomy followed by LC replaced open surgery due to less postoperative pain, hospital stay, return to work, and cosmoses.
• However, ERCP has issues, such as failure rate as high as 10% to 25%.and procedure-related complications, including bleeding, perforation and pancreatitis. Also, ERCP plus sphincterotomy lead to the disruption of the intact sphincter of Oddi Failure.
• LCBDE: trans-cystic (via the cystic duct) and trans-ductal (via choledochotomy)
Trans-cystic approach is generally used for small stones in a small bile duct whereas trans-ductal approach is preferred for large occluding stones in a large duct, intra-hepatic stones or tortuous cystic ductIf CBDS are detected at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the best treatment is a trans-cystic laparoscopic approach during the same operation, If this fails, alternate approaches such as intra-operative or postoperative ERCP/EST, laparoscopic choledochotomy, or open CBDE may be used .
The successful laparoscopic management of CBD stones depends on several factors including:
- Surgical expertise which may be enhanced by Training models in laparoscopic surgery.
- Adequate equipment (Flexible choledocho-fiberscope, balloon catheter, basket forceps or IOC).
- The biliary anatomy, and the number and size of CBD stones.
A closed non suction drain should be placed at the site of closure. This may drain bile for a day or two prospectively, but inevitably dries up quickly provided the closure has been carefully performed.
References
Acalovschi M, Badea R and Pascu M:. Incidence of gallstonesin liver cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol, 1991; 86:1179-81.
Ahmed I, Pradhan C, Beckingham IJ, Brooks AJ et al.: “Is a T-tube necessary after common bile duct exploration?” .World Journal of Surgery, 2008; 32(7): 1485-1488.
Albert L. and Baert.: Encyclopedia of Diagnostic Imaging.
CBD stones are suspected if there is a history of pancreatitis or cholangitis, or there is an increased serum level of conjugated bilirubin, SGPT, SGOT and alk. phosph., and diagnosis is confirmed if there is dilatation of CBD more than 8mm or stone in the CBD at abdominal ultra-sonography or the presence of stone in the CBD at MRCP.
Many different strategies are available for the management of CBD stones:
• Open surgical cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration (CBDE) and stone extraction.
• (LC), preoperative (ERCP) plus sphincterotomy followed by LC replaced open surgery due to less postoperative pain, hospital stay, return to work, and cosmoses.
• However, ERCP has issues, such as failure rate as high as 10% to 25%.and procedure-related complications, including bleeding, perforation and pancreatitis. Also, ERCP plus sphincterotomy lead to the disruption of the intact sphincter of Oddi Failure.
• LCBDE: trans-cystic (via the cystic duct) and trans-ductal (via choledochotomy)
Trans-cystic approach is generally used for small stones in a small bile duct whereas trans-ductal approach is preferred for large occluding stones in a large duct, intra-hepatic stones or tortuous cystic ductIf CBDS are detected at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the best treatment is a trans-cystic laparoscopic approach during the same operation, If this fails, alternate approaches such as intra-operative or postoperative ERCP/EST, laparoscopic choledochotomy, or open CBDE may be used .
The successful laparoscopic management of CBD stones depends on several factors including:
- Surgical expertise which may be enhanced by Training models in laparoscopic surgery.
- Adequate equipment (Flexible choledocho-fiberscope, balloon catheter, basket forceps or IOC).
- The biliary anatomy, and the number and size of CBD stones.
A closed non suction drain should be placed at the site of closure. This may drain bile for a day or two prospectively, but inevitably dries up quickly provided the closure has been carefully performed.
References
Acalovschi M, Badea R and Pascu M:. Incidence of gallstonesin liver cirrhosis. Am J Gastroenterol, 1991; 86:1179-81.
Ahmed I, Pradhan C, Beckingham IJ, Brooks AJ et al.: “Is a T-tube necessary after common bile duct exploration?” .World Journal of Surgery, 2008; 32(7): 1485-1488.
Albert L. and Baert.: Encyclopedia of Diagnostic Imaging.
Other data
| Title | Role of Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct exploration in Updated Management of CBD Stones | Other Titles | دور المنظار الجراحي في استكشاف القنوات المرارية للعلاج الحديث لحصوات القناة المرارية الرئيسية | Authors | Ahmed Hamdy Taha Allam | Issue Date | 2014 |
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