Environmental Impact Assessment Of Solid Wastes On The House- Fly Population And Fly-Borne Diseases

Abstract

"Solid waste" is the term used internationall y to describe non-liquid waste materials ansmg from domestic, trade, commercial , industrial, agricu ltural and mining activities, and from the public services. The present work aimed at development of mitigation measures to assess the estimated significant impacts of solid wastes on housefly density and fly born bacterial diseases. Thirty-two solid waste sites belong to 4 governorates; Cairo, Giza, Ismailiya and Qaluobiya, representing urban, suburban and rural localities were surveyed. Solid waste duration, removal sequences and collection routes were also described. Solid wastes and housefl y-associated bacteria were isolated and identified morphologically and bio-chemically. Similar bacterial isolates sharing both, solid wastes and their fly samples were comparatively compared and typed by biochemical and biotechnological techniques. According to the described solid wastes in each site, seven

common types of solid wastes were identified, which are household, agricultural, construction, industrial, slaughterhouse, hospital and general garbage types. Household solid wastes were the most frequent types followed by the agricultural, construction, industrial, slaughterhouse, hospital and general garbage ones. Highest housefly population density was observed in case of

general garbage type of solid wastes followed by household, hospital, industrial, construction, slaughterhouse and finally agricultural solid wastes. The percentage of fly density for previously mentioned types were 39.9%, 14.4%, 13.2%, 11.9%,

9.2%, 7.2% and 4.2% of the total housefly densities respectively.

Twenty-four bacterial species were identified from both solid wastes and fly samples. These bacterial species are belonging to 5 families; Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Vibrionaceae, Micrococcaceae and Bacillaceae. Staphylococcus xylosus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli representing isolates ofboth solid wastes and their fly samples, showed identical total protein fractions and similar patterns of plasmid DNA bands with similar molecular sizes. Solid wastes were divided into three mam groups, hazardous, non-hazardous but require careful handling and non­ hazardous. The mitigation measures needed to assess the impact of solid wastes on the surrounding environments mainly on public health were developed as management options for each type of solid waste.