Role of Cytokines as Biomarkers in Arthritic Rats and the Efficiency of Diclofenac Therapy in the Presence of some Antioxidants

Abstract

Arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease, found in one or more joints, causes activation and proliferation of the synovial lining and expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokine-mediated. Symptoms of arthritis include swelling of the joint, joint pain with warmth, Joint stiffness, Redness and limited range of motion in the affected joints. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for the purpose of antiinflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis, sports injuries, and temporary pain. However, treatment with NSAIDs may be accompanied by adverse effects such as gastrointestinal damage and platelet dysfunction. Because current treatments for arthritis result in unwanted side effects and tend to be expensive, natural products devoid of such disadvantages offer a novel opportunity. Thus, the current work used natural agents for treatment of arthritis Agents derived from plants that can modulate the expression of pro-inflammatory signals clearly have potential against arthritis. These include quercetin and curcumin, all of which are known to have anti-inflammatory effects. This work aims to evaluate the physiological and biochemical changes as a result of arthritis induction in male adult albino rats and the possible therapeutic and precaution role of curcumin or/and quercetin in case of its using with diclofenac as a treatment for arthritis. This experiment was carried out on adult male albino rats Rattus rattus as an animal model for induction of arthritis and included two experiment, the first one aimed to show the changes occurred in some physiological and biochemical parameters in serum and tissue as a result of arthritis induction which was induced by injection 150 μl pristane the dose was divided and given at two injection sites at the base of the tail. In the second experiment, five comparisons were made between normal control rats and another four animal groups were suffered from arthritis. The first group of them was injected intramuscular with diclofenac (5mg/100g b.wt) for 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks. The 2nd group was treated with diclofenac and administrated orally 100 mg commercial curcumin / 100 g b.wt. for 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The 3rd animal group was treated with diclofenac and administrated orally 100 mg quercetin /100 g b.wt. for the same pervious intervals. The last animal group (4th arthritis animal group) treated with diclofenac, curcumin and quercetin as described before for the same times. Ten rats from each group were randomly selected at at the end of experimental period, animals were dissected and the obtained results were presented as the follow: Autoimmune profile (cytokines profile): A significant elevation in the levels of CRP, IL-1α, IL-6 and TNF-α occurred in serum of arthritic rats. On the other hand, the treatment with diclofenac, curcumin and quercetin led to a time