NON INVASIVE BRAIN STIMULATION IN NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES

Abstract

There is mounting evidence for the efficacy of noninvasive brain stimulation in various neurological conditions. Experience in various clinical trials illustrates different fundamental uses of TMS in neurological disorders: modulation of activity in the targeted cortex (focal epilepsy); modulation of activity in a dysfunctional corticosubcortical network (PD); restoration of adaptive equilibrium in a disrupted network, guiding plasticity for best behavioral outcome (stroke); and suppression of plastic changes for functional advantage (pain). To date, findings are encouraging, but shamcontrolled clinical trial evidence is still insufficient to allow endorsement of widespread use of these techniques, despite the great margin of safety if appropriate guidelines and precautions are followed.