USES OF SOME ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFETY TREATMENTS TO CONTROL NET BLOTCH DISEASE IN BARLEY TO IMPROVE IT’S TECHNOLOGICAL QUALITY

Abstract

Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important crops grown throughout the world, ranking fourth among the world’s cultivated cereal crops. The major regions of barley production are concentrated in the northern hemisphere, most notably: northern Europe, the United States, and Canada .Barley grain is used for a variety of purposes throughout the world. The majority of barley produced in the world is used as feed for animal consumption. Large amounts of barley grain are also used for malting processes (for making beer and other types of alcoholic beverages). In addition, barley is used for various food products, for human consumption (e.g. soups, cereals, baked goods, baby food). Barley is also an important food crop in northern African, where the soils and environmental conditions are not suitable for production of other grain crops . In recent years, the development of hulless barley has increased Net blotch, caused by the fungal pathogen Pyrenophora Drechs. teres Smedeg. (anamorph: Drechslera teres [Sacc.] Shoem. f. teres Smedeg.) which is among the most widely occurring foliar diseases of barley. The host range of the pathogen includes all cultivated and wild species of Hordeum. Estimates of yield loss due to net blotch range from trace to nearly 100%, and vary from 10% to 40% in average years. Yield losses are typically more severe in regions with high humidity and precipitation