Hypomagnesemia in Critically Ill Patients
Amal Abd Elhady Hasan El-Baily;
Abstract
Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12.
Magnesium is the eleventh-most-abundant element in the human body and the second intracellular ion after potassium. It is essential to all living cells, where it play a major role in manipulating important biological polyphosphate compounds like ATP, DNA, and RNA. Hundreds of enzymes, thus, require magnesium ions to function.
The critically ill patients comprise a rapidly growing population of patients, only to be left with ongoing organ dysfunctions requiring high levels of specialized care for months or years. This is a relatively new group of patients who are a direct by-product of the fact that modern technology can keep patients alive over long periods of time despite serious multi-organ dysfunction.
Critically ill patients are liable for many complications as infiction, neuromyopathy, neurocognitive impairment, nutritional deficiency.
The ultimate outcomes in this population are depressing, even if a patient does survive a year, functional status is often quite poor so these population need special care. These patients may need mechanical ventilator support either invasive or non invasive, Tight infection control programs to decrease the risk of infiction, Nutritional support.
One of the important problems in ICU is hypo magnesemia, hypomagnesemia is defined as a serum magnesium level less than 1.8 mg/dL.
Hypomagnesemia may result from inadequate magnesium intake, increased gastrointestinal or renal losses, or redistribution from extracellular to intracellular space. Increased renal magnesium loss can result from genetic or acquired renal disorders. Most patients with hypomagnesemia are asymptomatic and symptoms usually do not arise until the serum magnesium concentration falls below 1.2 mg/dL.
Hypomagnesemia is associated with a two to three fold increased mortality in critically ill and postoperative patients. Clinically hypomagnesemia is often associated with hypokalemia and hypocalcemia. Because of the role of magnesium in transmembrane potassium transport, simultaneous correction of hypomagnesemia is required to correct hypokalemia.
Magnesium is the eleventh-most-abundant element in the human body and the second intracellular ion after potassium. It is essential to all living cells, where it play a major role in manipulating important biological polyphosphate compounds like ATP, DNA, and RNA. Hundreds of enzymes, thus, require magnesium ions to function.
The critically ill patients comprise a rapidly growing population of patients, only to be left with ongoing organ dysfunctions requiring high levels of specialized care for months or years. This is a relatively new group of patients who are a direct by-product of the fact that modern technology can keep patients alive over long periods of time despite serious multi-organ dysfunction.
Critically ill patients are liable for many complications as infiction, neuromyopathy, neurocognitive impairment, nutritional deficiency.
The ultimate outcomes in this population are depressing, even if a patient does survive a year, functional status is often quite poor so these population need special care. These patients may need mechanical ventilator support either invasive or non invasive, Tight infection control programs to decrease the risk of infiction, Nutritional support.
One of the important problems in ICU is hypo magnesemia, hypomagnesemia is defined as a serum magnesium level less than 1.8 mg/dL.
Hypomagnesemia may result from inadequate magnesium intake, increased gastrointestinal or renal losses, or redistribution from extracellular to intracellular space. Increased renal magnesium loss can result from genetic or acquired renal disorders. Most patients with hypomagnesemia are asymptomatic and symptoms usually do not arise until the serum magnesium concentration falls below 1.2 mg/dL.
Hypomagnesemia is associated with a two to three fold increased mortality in critically ill and postoperative patients. Clinically hypomagnesemia is often associated with hypokalemia and hypocalcemia. Because of the role of magnesium in transmembrane potassium transport, simultaneous correction of hypomagnesemia is required to correct hypokalemia.
Other data
| Title | Hypomagnesemia in Critically Ill Patients | Other Titles | النقص في عنصر الماغنسيوم في الحالات الحرجة | Authors | Amal Abd Elhady Hasan El-Baily | Issue Date | 2015 |
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