Incidence rate of Candida species in the oral cavity of diabetic patients and its relation to neutrophil function
Elham El Sayed Moustafa Mohammed;
Abstract
The aim of the work was to study the prevalence of oral candidiasis in diabetic patients and the predisposing factors as well as Candida virulence factors. Also, the neutrophil functions were studied in those patients.
The study included 40 diabetic patients with confirmed oral candidiasis (group I), 20 diabetic patients without oral candidiasis (group II) and 20 age and sex matched healthy controls.
The isolation and identification of different Candida spp., determination of antifungal susceptibility test and the effects of some natural medicinal plants against the isolated Candida spp. were done by the conventional methods. Assessment of Candida virulence factors (germ tube formation (GT), biofilm formation (BF), extracellular phospholipase (PLs) activity and gelatinase (protease) activity. were also carried out. Neutrophil functions (migration, phagocytic and killing; lysozyme production) were assessed by: measuring the salivary lyzozyme production (by ELISA) and salivary total protein contents (by Bradford method) and surface expression of chemoattractant (CD181) and early activation (CD69) molecules on blood neutrophils by flow cytometry.
The prevalence of oral candidiasis among diabetic patients was 67%.
The most common predisposing factors for oral candidiasis in diabetic patients were inadequate oral hygiene; 97.5%, absence of teeth; 92.5%, caries; 52.5%, removable dentures; 45%. The frequency of candidiasis in the oral cavity of diabetic patients was more prevalent in middle age (65%) than elder age (35%) and among females (60%) than males (40%).
The most common species isolated from patients with oral candidiasis was C. albicans (53.3%), followed by C. glabrata (31.7%), C. tropicalis (10%) then C. krusei (5%).
Amphotercin B and nystatin were effective against all Candida isolates while miconazole was effective against all C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. krusei and the majority (96.9%) of C. albicans isolates.
Candida krusei showed the highest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values for 7 antifungal compounds.
Clove extract was found to be the most effective agent against all Candida spp. since it has the highest inhibitory effect.
Candida albicans and C. tropicalis isolates were positive for all the virulence factors. Candida glabrata and C. krusei were negative for GT, gelatinase and PhL activities while 100% C. krusei and 31.6% of C. glabrata were positive only for BF formation.
Significant higher total protein concentrations and a significant lower lysozyme concentrations in patients with oral candidiasis than without oral candidiasis. Significant higher total protein and lysozyme concentrations in elder patients (>60years) than middle aged (40-60 years). Significant lower total protein concentrations in denture than in non-denture wearer patients while insignificant difference between both groups in lysozyme concentrations.
Although, significant increase in neutrophil counts in patients with oral candidiasis (group I) as compared to patients without oral candidiasis (group II) yet. There were insignificant differences between patient groups and healthy controls in expression of CD69 and CD181 on blood neutrophils.
In conclusion, oral candidiasis is prevalent in diabetic patients which may be predisposed by age, female gender, denture wearing and neutrophil dysfunctions.
The study included 40 diabetic patients with confirmed oral candidiasis (group I), 20 diabetic patients without oral candidiasis (group II) and 20 age and sex matched healthy controls.
The isolation and identification of different Candida spp., determination of antifungal susceptibility test and the effects of some natural medicinal plants against the isolated Candida spp. were done by the conventional methods. Assessment of Candida virulence factors (germ tube formation (GT), biofilm formation (BF), extracellular phospholipase (PLs) activity and gelatinase (protease) activity. were also carried out. Neutrophil functions (migration, phagocytic and killing; lysozyme production) were assessed by: measuring the salivary lyzozyme production (by ELISA) and salivary total protein contents (by Bradford method) and surface expression of chemoattractant (CD181) and early activation (CD69) molecules on blood neutrophils by flow cytometry.
The prevalence of oral candidiasis among diabetic patients was 67%.
The most common predisposing factors for oral candidiasis in diabetic patients were inadequate oral hygiene; 97.5%, absence of teeth; 92.5%, caries; 52.5%, removable dentures; 45%. The frequency of candidiasis in the oral cavity of diabetic patients was more prevalent in middle age (65%) than elder age (35%) and among females (60%) than males (40%).
The most common species isolated from patients with oral candidiasis was C. albicans (53.3%), followed by C. glabrata (31.7%), C. tropicalis (10%) then C. krusei (5%).
Amphotercin B and nystatin were effective against all Candida isolates while miconazole was effective against all C. glabrata, C. tropicalis and C. krusei and the majority (96.9%) of C. albicans isolates.
Candida krusei showed the highest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) values for 7 antifungal compounds.
Clove extract was found to be the most effective agent against all Candida spp. since it has the highest inhibitory effect.
Candida albicans and C. tropicalis isolates were positive for all the virulence factors. Candida glabrata and C. krusei were negative for GT, gelatinase and PhL activities while 100% C. krusei and 31.6% of C. glabrata were positive only for BF formation.
Significant higher total protein concentrations and a significant lower lysozyme concentrations in patients with oral candidiasis than without oral candidiasis. Significant higher total protein and lysozyme concentrations in elder patients (>60years) than middle aged (40-60 years). Significant lower total protein concentrations in denture than in non-denture wearer patients while insignificant difference between both groups in lysozyme concentrations.
Although, significant increase in neutrophil counts in patients with oral candidiasis (group I) as compared to patients without oral candidiasis (group II) yet. There were insignificant differences between patient groups and healthy controls in expression of CD69 and CD181 on blood neutrophils.
In conclusion, oral candidiasis is prevalent in diabetic patients which may be predisposed by age, female gender, denture wearing and neutrophil dysfunctions.
Other data
| Title | Incidence rate of Candida species in the oral cavity of diabetic patients and its relation to neutrophil function | Other Titles | معدل انتشار أنواع الكانديدا فى تجويف الفم لمرضى السكر وعلاقتها بوظيفة النيتروفيل | Authors | Elham El Sayed Moustafa Mohammed | Issue Date | 2016 |
Recommend this item
Similar Items from Core Recommender Database
Items in Ain Shams Scholar are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.