COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ESMOLOL, URAPIDIL, AND SODIUM NITROPRUSSIDE IN INDUCING HYPOTENSIVE ANESTHESIA IN SPINAL SURGERY

Abstract

Deliberate hypotension may be defined as induced hypotension or reduction of the systemic arterial pressure in order to reduce bleeding and facilitate surgery. Elective hypotension is a specific anesthetic technique. Its use may be classified broadly as appreciable to situations in which the particular operation would be otherwise impossible (for example, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular surge1y), in situations in which excessive loss might be detrimental (for example, orthopedic, spinal and maxillofacial operations), and situations in which blood loss interferes with surgical visibility or technique (such as middle ear and cosmetic surgery).