COMPARISON OF URINARY MICROALBUMIN, RETINOL BINDING PROTEIN AND ALPHA 1•MICROGLOBULIN AS PREDICTORS OF PROGRESSION OF LOW LEVEL PROTEINURIA IN DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Key Words: (management- central retinal vein occlusion)

Central retinal vein occlusion is the second most common form of retinal vascular disease next to diabetic retinopathy and constitutes an emergent condition that may result in permanent visual impairment. It's of two types (ischemic and non-ischemic) and progression from the non­

ischemic to ischemic type may occur in about 9.4%-12.8% of cases.

Different modalities of treatment have been described but still there is no general agreement regarding a therapeutic approach. As regards medical treatment, it includes anticoagulants, isovolemic haemodilution and fibrinolytic therapy using streptokinase or recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Retinal photocoagulation whether PRP for treatment of complicating neovascularization occurring in the ischemic type or grid pattern for treatment of macular oedema has also been used. Surgical trea::nent of CRVO constitutes the recent modality of treatment and

it includes: .. - • Creation ofchorioretinal venous anastomosis whether laser-induced for non-

ischemic CRVO or surgically-induced lor the ischemic lorrn.

• Transecting theosterior scleral ring.

• Optic nerve she2:h decompression.

• Cannulation of central retinal vein.

• Vitrectomy for r;;acular oedema complicating CR VO.