Role of MRI in assessment of recurrent shoulder instability

Abstract

The shoulder is an extremely mobile joint, but at expense of its stability. Glenohumeral joint instability can be globally classified into anterior instability, as well as the less common posterior and multidirectional instabilities. The most common findings in the anterior instability is the Bankart lesion, both type I (Cartilagenous) and type II (bony) Bankart lesions. Associated depression injury at the postero-lateral superior aspect of the humeral head may be also noted and called Hill Sachs lesion. Perthes lesion represent a variant of Bankart lesion where there is detachment of the inferior glenohumeral ligament complex from its glenoid attachment with intact scapular periosteum which is seen stripped off medially. The anterior shoulder dislocation may also results in another types of injuries as the ALPSA lesion representing the anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion, GLAD lesion described as the gleno-labral articular disruption, as well as the HAGL lesion mentioned as the humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament.