PREEMPTIVE ANALGESIA A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN MORPHINE, KETAMINE AND MAGNESIUM SULFATE

Abstract

The proposal is that the effect of the preemptive analgesia is to prevent or reduce the development of any "memory" of the pain stimulus in the nervous system and that the lesser subsequent analgesia requirement is a result of this prevention or reduction of pain memory<82

The atm of the study was to compare the preemptive intravenous morphine, ketamine, magnesmm sulfate, and combination of ketamine and magnesium sulfate and to what extent these drugs reduce the postoperative pain and the analgesic requirements.

This study was designed to include 88 patients of both sexes, of ASA physical status I or II, age group of 18 years undergoing elective lower abdomi- nal surgery. They were randomly divided into 4 equal groups, 22 patients in each group. Anaesthetic management was constant in all the study groups. Group I: intravenous morphine (control group). Group II: intravenous ketamine. Group III: intravenous magnesium sulfate.

Group IV: intravenous combination ofketamine and magnesium sulfate.

Postoperative management

I. Assessment of pain using visual analogue scale at rest and during coughing after taking a deep breath after 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after the completion of surgery. 2. Assessment of PCA morphine consumption after 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively. 3. Assessment of arterial blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate after 2,

4, 6, 12 and 24 hours postoperatively.

The results were collected, arranged m tables, statistically analyzed and then discussed.