The effect of silica coating techniques on surface characterization and bond strength of translucent zirconia with resin cement
Soha Osama Nabih Abd El-Fatah Wahdan.;
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of silica coating techniques which were tribiochemical coating and application of two silica containing materials before and after sintering of translucent zirconia on the surface characterization and the bond strength to resin cements.
Translucent Zirconia plates (15.4 mm width × 19 mm length × 4 mm thickness) were prepared by cutting inCoris TZI blocks using a diamond disc mounted on Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling machine. The plates were finished using silicon carbide paper 400 grit.
Three different techniques were used to apply silica to the surface of the zirconia plates in this study. These techniques were tribochemical silica coating and the application of two silica containing materials. In Tribochemical silica coating the surface of zirconia plate was bombarded with silicatized sand particles resulting in coating the surface with silica. Two silica containing materials were also applied which were: sodium silicate solution and filtek Z350 XT flowable composite that contains silica and zirconia nanofillers and nanoclusters. The three techniques were applied to presintered zirconia plates i.e before sintering of the zirconia and also to sintered zirconia plates i.e after sintering of the zirconia.
One sample from each group was examined for surface morphology using SEM and elemental surface composition using EDX.
Silane coupling agent was applied on all zirconia plates for one minute. Then, the plates were dried for 10 seconds with oil/water free compressed air. Small transparent microtubules were cut from polyvinyl tube with inner diameter 0.9 mm and height 2 mm. The microtubules were attached to the zirconia plate using a bonding agent. Each microtubule was held by tweezer and the bonding agent was coated at one of its ends by a microbrush. Then the microtubule was put on to the zirconia plate. A light emitting diode curing uniti of high intensity 1500 mW/cm2 was used to cure the bonding agent for 20 seconds. Five microtubules were bonded to each plate.
115
Summary and conclusions
The dispensing tip of the resin cement was inserted inside the microtubule and the resin cement was slowly injected till complete filling of the microtubule. The excess cement was removed using a microbrush. The resin cement was then light cured for 40 seconds. A circle was drawn around each microtubule by a pencil inorder to locate the area of bonding easily while microscopic examination after the microshear bond strength testing. The microtubules were sectioned to expose the resin cement microcylinders (0.9 mm diameter and 2 mm height) using sharp scalpel blade number 11. The resin cement microcylinders were examined by a magnifying lens for any defects at the interface.
Microshear bond strength testing was carried out immediately after the bonding with the resin cement for half of the samples without water storage. The other half of the samples were tested after water storage for one month in distilled water. The samples were stored at 37º C in an incubator
Each Zirconia sample with its own bonded composite micro-cylinders was secured with tightening screws to the lower fixed compartment of a materials testing machine with a load cell of 5 KN and data were recorded using computer software. A loop prepared from an orthodontic wire (0.014” in diameter) was wrapped around the bonded micro-cylinder assembly as close as possible to the base of the microcylinder and aligned with the loading axis of the upper movable compartment of the testing machine.
A shearing load with tensile mode of force was applied via materials testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The relatively slow crosshead speed was selected in order to produce a shearing force that resulted in debonding of the microcylinder along the substrate-adhesive interface. The load required to debonding was recorded in Newton. The zirconia plates were examined under stereomicroscope and SEM to detect the failure mode.
Translucent Zirconia plates (15.4 mm width × 19 mm length × 4 mm thickness) were prepared by cutting inCoris TZI blocks using a diamond disc mounted on Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling machine. The plates were finished using silicon carbide paper 400 grit.
Three different techniques were used to apply silica to the surface of the zirconia plates in this study. These techniques were tribochemical silica coating and the application of two silica containing materials. In Tribochemical silica coating the surface of zirconia plate was bombarded with silicatized sand particles resulting in coating the surface with silica. Two silica containing materials were also applied which were: sodium silicate solution and filtek Z350 XT flowable composite that contains silica and zirconia nanofillers and nanoclusters. The three techniques were applied to presintered zirconia plates i.e before sintering of the zirconia and also to sintered zirconia plates i.e after sintering of the zirconia.
One sample from each group was examined for surface morphology using SEM and elemental surface composition using EDX.
Silane coupling agent was applied on all zirconia plates for one minute. Then, the plates were dried for 10 seconds with oil/water free compressed air. Small transparent microtubules were cut from polyvinyl tube with inner diameter 0.9 mm and height 2 mm. The microtubules were attached to the zirconia plate using a bonding agent. Each microtubule was held by tweezer and the bonding agent was coated at one of its ends by a microbrush. Then the microtubule was put on to the zirconia plate. A light emitting diode curing uniti of high intensity 1500 mW/cm2 was used to cure the bonding agent for 20 seconds. Five microtubules were bonded to each plate.
115
Summary and conclusions
The dispensing tip of the resin cement was inserted inside the microtubule and the resin cement was slowly injected till complete filling of the microtubule. The excess cement was removed using a microbrush. The resin cement was then light cured for 40 seconds. A circle was drawn around each microtubule by a pencil inorder to locate the area of bonding easily while microscopic examination after the microshear bond strength testing. The microtubules were sectioned to expose the resin cement microcylinders (0.9 mm diameter and 2 mm height) using sharp scalpel blade number 11. The resin cement microcylinders were examined by a magnifying lens for any defects at the interface.
Microshear bond strength testing was carried out immediately after the bonding with the resin cement for half of the samples without water storage. The other half of the samples were tested after water storage for one month in distilled water. The samples were stored at 37º C in an incubator
Each Zirconia sample with its own bonded composite micro-cylinders was secured with tightening screws to the lower fixed compartment of a materials testing machine with a load cell of 5 KN and data were recorded using computer software. A loop prepared from an orthodontic wire (0.014” in diameter) was wrapped around the bonded micro-cylinder assembly as close as possible to the base of the microcylinder and aligned with the loading axis of the upper movable compartment of the testing machine.
A shearing load with tensile mode of force was applied via materials testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The relatively slow crosshead speed was selected in order to produce a shearing force that resulted in debonding of the microcylinder along the substrate-adhesive interface. The load required to debonding was recorded in Newton. The zirconia plates were examined under stereomicroscope and SEM to detect the failure mode.
Other data
| Title | The effect of silica coating techniques on surface characterization and bond strength of translucent zirconia with resin cement | Other Titles | تأثیر تقنیات الطلاء بالسیلیكا على توصیف السطح وقوة الربط للزركونیا الشافة مع الأسمنت الراتینجى | Authors | Soha Osama Nabih Abd El-Fatah Wahdan. | Issue Date | 2015 |
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