MONITORING AND TREATMENT OF POLY SULFIDE AND ATRAZINE IN DRINKING WATER AND WASTE WATER

Abstract

River Nile has been the lifeblood for Egypt since the cradle of civilizations, noting that Egypt is the estuary state for the Nile River, which runs in 11 African countries with a length of about 6700 km. Nile water (raw water) is not suitable for drinking because it’s contaminated by several forms of contamination (physical, chemical, and biological contamination) and due to human activities (sewages, industrial and agriculture waste) beside exposure to atmosphere. There are many compounds were detected as contaminates in raw water. This contamination of surface water prevents people to use it directly because its carcinogenicity and toxicity. Pesticides and polysulfide from the contaminants were recorded in Nile water due to agriculture waste and biological activity respectively. So this thesis is aiming to study the concentration levels of Atrazine and some pesticides like (Molinate, Propanil, Metolachlor, Pendimethalin, Isoproturon & Dimethoate) and Polysulfide in drinking water and its related raw water. To achieve these aims; a previous data was used to select the study sites. Three water treatment plants in Cairo Governorate were selected (Tebben, Maadi and Shoubra El Khama) which represent the Nile River from upstream to downstream in Cairo to monitor (pesticides & Polysulfide). While, eighteen water treatment plants in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate which use the Nile as a source of raw water for drinking water production to monitor (pesticides). Also the study is aiming to investigate some of the factors affecting the formation of polysulfide, eg. dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature. The most important aim of this study is applying some of advanced water treatment techniques like (Fenton oxidation, chlorine oxidation, Potassium permanganate oxidation and activated carbon adsorption) to remove these pollutants from drinking water. To achieve the objectives of this study, the following work was carried out: 1. Seasonal monitoring of pesticides in Cairo and Kafr El Sheikh Governorates using EPA 536. 2. Study the effect of Fenton oxidation, chlorine oxidation, Potassium permanganate oxidation and activated carbon adsorption on removal of pesticides. This phase conducted into four stages I. Removal of pesticides using Fenton oxidation under different conditions; different concentrations of FeSO4, H2O2 concentrations, contact time and pH conditions to detect the optimum conditions for Pesticides treatment. II. Applying different contact time of chlorine oxidation to study its optimal conditions for its efficiency in Pesticides removal. III. Removal of pesticides using Potassium permanganate oxidation and study the effect of Potassium permanganateconcentrations and contact time to achieve the optimum conditions for Pesticides treatment. IV. Removal of pesticides using adsorption by activated carbon and study the effect of doses of activated carbon, contact time and pH conditions to achieve the optimum conditions for Pesticides treatment. 3. Seasonal monitoring of Polysulfide in Cairo Governorate using EPA 625. 4. Investigate the relationship between Polysulfide and Dissolved Oxygen, pH and temperature.