Renal Amyloidosis in Egyptians

Abstract

Introduction: Amyloidosis comprises a large group of different diseases, which are characterized by symptoms caused by the deposition of amyloid in vital organs. These diseases are usually progressive, Nevertheless, some of these diseases can now be treated successfully. The kidneys are one of the most affected organs in systemic amyloidosis, and renal amyloidosis is one of the main differential diagnosis in the investigation of nephrotic proteinuria in adults. Renal amyloidosis accounts for about 2% of native kidney biopsies worldwide. Objective: To identify the frequency of amyloidosis in Egyptian patients and determine the frequency of AL and AA amyloid types. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in the diagnostic EM unit of Ain Shams faculty of medicine from Jan.1990 to Dec 2015. Nineteen cases were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with amyloid A protein antibody as well as kappa and lambda light chains for amyloid typing Results: The total number of renal biopsies examined were 3962, histological confirmation of amyloid deposits in kidney tissues was done in 118 cases (2.97%). The patients’ ages ranged between 7-68 years with a mean age 41 years. Male to female ratio was 1.7:1. Systemic inflammatory conditions were encountered in 32 cases (27%). Proteinuria was reported in 83 cases (70%). Glomerular amyloid deposits were encountered in 115 cases (97.5%). Immunohistochemical typing revealed AA amyloidosis with positive staining for amyloid A protein in 14 cases (73.68%). Light chain AL amyloidosis was found in 5 cases (26.3%).

Key words: Renal- amyloidosis- Egypt –subtypes.