Lamellar bodies count (LBC) in amniotic fluid for prediction of fetal lung maturity

Abstract

P rior to this time, the baby is at risk for developing respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). RDS occur in about 1% of all pregnancies and it can have serious short and long-term consequences, involving both the lungs and other organs that can extend beyond period in its most severe forms. The fetal lungs are the last organ system to “mature” so that survival outside the womb is possible. Maturity involves several components. First, there must be sufficient surface area within the lung to allow sufficient exchange of gases (oxygen in and carbon dioxide out) to support metabolic functions. This is accomplished by millions of small sacs called alveoli that give the lungs a sponge-like appearance. Second, the alveoli must develop to the point that the inner lining of cells (epithelial cells) that come in contact with inspired air are very thin – gas exchange can only occur over a short distance between the blood vessels in the alveoli and the air that fills the alveoli. Third, the alveoli must be able to remain open so that the air can get into them and gas exchange can take place. The first two events are generally quite complete by about 32-34 weeks, however, the third is the most essential component from that point on and it is the focus of our fetal lung maturity testing as we shall explain.