Recent Advances in Management of Breast Cancer
Mahmoud Mohammed Fahmi;
Abstract
A large part of the world has an increasing incidence of breast cancer, but limited resources to treat it. The majority of new cases and the majority of breast cancer deaths now occur in less developed regions of the world.
Breast cancer is also a leading cause of cancer death in the less developed countries of the world. This is partly because a shift in lifestyles is causing an increase in incidence, and partly because clinical advances to combat the disease are not reaching women living in these regions.
In 2012, 1.7 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer and there were 6.3 million women alive who had been diagnosed with breast cancer in the previous five years.
Several risk factors for breast cancer have been well documented e.g: age, sex, hormones, positive family history of breast cancer, genetic factors, Environmental and lifestyle, breast density and bone mineral density.
It is necessary to devise a clinically meaningful classification of the disease, which has to be scientifically sound, clinically useful and widely reproducible. The established histopathological classification has a limited clinical utility, due to insufficient prognostic and predictive power. More recent classification schemes, based on the immunohistochemical characterization of breast cancer for the assessment of hormone receptor status, HER2 gene over-expression or amplification, and the proliferative fraction or on gene expression profiles, correlate much better with the clinical outcome and may be used to inform the choice of the systemic therapy.
The grade of a breast cancer is representative of the "aggressive potential" of the tumor; in a broad generalization, "low grade" cancers tend to be less aggressive than "high grade" cancers. Determining the grade is thus very important, and the clinicians use this information to help guide the treatment options for patients.
Diagnosis and Early Detection of Breast Cancer can be achieved by: breast self examination , Clinical breast examination (CBE) , Mammography , Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Breast ultrasound.
Treatment decisions are made jointly by the patient and the physician after consideration of the stage and biological characteristics of the cancer, the patient’s age and preferences, and the risks and benefits associated with
Breast cancer is also a leading cause of cancer death in the less developed countries of the world. This is partly because a shift in lifestyles is causing an increase in incidence, and partly because clinical advances to combat the disease are not reaching women living in these regions.
In 2012, 1.7 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer and there were 6.3 million women alive who had been diagnosed with breast cancer in the previous five years.
Several risk factors for breast cancer have been well documented e.g: age, sex, hormones, positive family history of breast cancer, genetic factors, Environmental and lifestyle, breast density and bone mineral density.
It is necessary to devise a clinically meaningful classification of the disease, which has to be scientifically sound, clinically useful and widely reproducible. The established histopathological classification has a limited clinical utility, due to insufficient prognostic and predictive power. More recent classification schemes, based on the immunohistochemical characterization of breast cancer for the assessment of hormone receptor status, HER2 gene over-expression or amplification, and the proliferative fraction or on gene expression profiles, correlate much better with the clinical outcome and may be used to inform the choice of the systemic therapy.
The grade of a breast cancer is representative of the "aggressive potential" of the tumor; in a broad generalization, "low grade" cancers tend to be less aggressive than "high grade" cancers. Determining the grade is thus very important, and the clinicians use this information to help guide the treatment options for patients.
Diagnosis and Early Detection of Breast Cancer can be achieved by: breast self examination , Clinical breast examination (CBE) , Mammography , Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Breast ultrasound.
Treatment decisions are made jointly by the patient and the physician after consideration of the stage and biological characteristics of the cancer, the patient’s age and preferences, and the risks and benefits associated with
Other data
| Title | Recent Advances in Management of Breast Cancer | Other Titles | التطورات الحديثة في معالجة سرطان الثدي | Authors | Mahmoud Mohammed Fahmi | Issue Date | 2017 |
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