Breast Ptosis; Recent Modalities of Mastopexy
Rasha Ibrahim Abd el-Tawab Moustafa;
Abstract
B
reast ptosis is a disturbing condition for women because it reflects the effect of aging & gravity on breast position. The breast appears droopy & lower than normal, the upper portion appears flattened & lower portion descend below the inframammary crease. The breast skin & fascial attachments have reduced elasticity (stretched or weakened) &
cannot support the breast mass at its ideal position (Bostwick, 1983).
Breast ptosis classified into; minimal breast ptosis (1st degree) where the nipple position is at the level of inframammary fold, moderate breast ptosis (2nd degree) where nipple is below inframammary fold but above the lower breast contour, sever breast ptosis (3rd degree) where the nipple is below inframammary fold & below the lower breast contour, pseudoptosis where the nipple is actually at or above the level of the fold but the majority of the breast is below producing the impression that ptosis is present (Regnault, 1976).
A mastopexy is a surgical procedure for correcting ptosis when the breast volume is not satisfactory or hypoplastic. Mastopexy is ideally indicated in women with the following characters; 1) adequate breast parenchyma (B cup), 2) ptosis of nipple areola complex, 3) willing to accept inevitable scars (Regnault, 1984).
In the last decades mastopexy could be done by removal of crescent shaped —portion of skin & breast tissue from upper quadrant of the breast, the remaining breast tissue was sutured to pectoralis fascia to maintain elevation of nipple areola complex (Shffman, 2009) or suspend the breast from second rib with catgut sutures or by vertical incision with transposition of nipple areola complex superiorly & removal of skin inferiorly (Chun et al., 2002).
Augmentation mastopexy allows correction of more advanced degrees of ptosis with less extensive surgery &confers a more lasting results than mastopexy alone (Spear et al., 2009), mastopexy with ultrasound assisted liposuction
(di Giuseppe, 2006), rotational mastopexy (Corduff and Taylor, 2009) radiofrequency assisted tissue tightening for non-excisional breast lifting (Duncan, 2012).
Recently, all surgeons have changed or improved their mastopexy techniques in order to attain a longer lasting result.
reast ptosis is a disturbing condition for women because it reflects the effect of aging & gravity on breast position. The breast appears droopy & lower than normal, the upper portion appears flattened & lower portion descend below the inframammary crease. The breast skin & fascial attachments have reduced elasticity (stretched or weakened) &
cannot support the breast mass at its ideal position (Bostwick, 1983).
Breast ptosis classified into; minimal breast ptosis (1st degree) where the nipple position is at the level of inframammary fold, moderate breast ptosis (2nd degree) where nipple is below inframammary fold but above the lower breast contour, sever breast ptosis (3rd degree) where the nipple is below inframammary fold & below the lower breast contour, pseudoptosis where the nipple is actually at or above the level of the fold but the majority of the breast is below producing the impression that ptosis is present (Regnault, 1976).
A mastopexy is a surgical procedure for correcting ptosis when the breast volume is not satisfactory or hypoplastic. Mastopexy is ideally indicated in women with the following characters; 1) adequate breast parenchyma (B cup), 2) ptosis of nipple areola complex, 3) willing to accept inevitable scars (Regnault, 1984).
In the last decades mastopexy could be done by removal of crescent shaped —portion of skin & breast tissue from upper quadrant of the breast, the remaining breast tissue was sutured to pectoralis fascia to maintain elevation of nipple areola complex (Shffman, 2009) or suspend the breast from second rib with catgut sutures or by vertical incision with transposition of nipple areola complex superiorly & removal of skin inferiorly (Chun et al., 2002).
Augmentation mastopexy allows correction of more advanced degrees of ptosis with less extensive surgery &confers a more lasting results than mastopexy alone (Spear et al., 2009), mastopexy with ultrasound assisted liposuction
(di Giuseppe, 2006), rotational mastopexy (Corduff and Taylor, 2009) radiofrequency assisted tissue tightening for non-excisional breast lifting (Duncan, 2012).
Recently, all surgeons have changed or improved their mastopexy techniques in order to attain a longer lasting result.
Other data
| Title | Breast Ptosis; Recent Modalities of Mastopexy | Other Titles | ترهل الثدى، الطرق الحديثة لشد ورفع الثدى | Authors | Rasha Ibrahim Abd el-Tawab Moustafa | Issue Date | 2014 |
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