MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR GENETIC CHARATERIZATION OF HEARTSEASE (VIOLA TRICOLOR) CULTIVARS IN Egypt

Abstract

This study was carried out at the private orchard at El- Sadat region, Department Horticulture orchard. Ain Shams Univ, and Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt. Radiation in Atomic Energy Commission, Nasr) City. Biochemical analysis in Biotechnology laboratory, Horticulture Research Institute, during the period of 2011-2015.with the aim to identify fingerprints of Viola tricolor using selection – breeding programs mutation and RAPD-PCR analysis to estimate the genetic diversity and the efficiency of these markers to identify unique molecular marker. For this purpose four genotype of Viola tricolor. Objectives of the study were divided into three main 1. Election best varieties available in Egypt and cultured for four consecutive seasons and follow-up forms for each genotype. 2. Mutation using gamma rays and study the effect of irradiation on the genotype. 3. The work of the genetic imprint of the genotypes and outputs irradiation. The most important results could be summarized as follows: A- Selection of varieties and breeding program The four genotypes (V.tricolor var.canina, V.tricolor var.biflora, V.tricolor var.alpina and V.tricolor var.calcarate ) 1- Selection based on plant survival 2- Selection based on morphological characteri