“EL-BURULLUS LAKE NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF HYDRODYNAMICS AND WATER QUALITY”
Mohanad Ashraf Saad Zaghloul;
Abstract
Egypt can be ranked at the top of the countries that reuse their water resources several times in different fields through a very complicated network of canals and drains. With anelevated rate of population growth and new developments, the water demands in Egypt increase dramatically without any increase in the water resources.
This, forces decision makers to set severe reuse schemes to fill the water supply demand gap. The reuse of water resulted in a deteriorating quality at the lower Nile delta specifically the northern lakes, causing eco-environmental problems and affecting the public health significantly (Valeriano, et.al. 2015).
El-Burullus Lake receives about 3.86 billion cubic meters per year of water from eight drains and one canal. Most of the drains dispose their water into the southern part of the lake, in addition to fresh water from Brimble Canal at the western part of the lake. The only connection with the sea is El-Burullus Bougaz (inlet / outlet) at the northern east part of the lake.
The flushing of the lake through the bougaz is not sufficient to improve the water quality of the lake, i.e. the release of polluted water from the southern drains is continuous and greater than seawater entering the lake through the bougaz, which increased the nutrients concentrations that flow with the drainage water into the lake, and lead to the growth of aquatic plants reaching eutrophication states. These plants cause water circulation problems and consequently, affect the marine life in the lake (El-Adawy et. al., 2014).
El-Burullus Lake is considered as an important source for fishery. Together with the other northern lakes like Maryut Lake, Manzala Lake and Edku Lake, about 185000 tons of fish are produced yearly. These sources of fish are threatened with water quality and water circulation issues. (El-Adawy et al., 2015)
The scope of the current research is to model the current hydrodynamic and water quality condition within the lake, then to use the devised model to examine different flushing options that may lead to enhancing the existing hydrodynamics and water quality conditions of the lake and the Mediterranean Sea.
A hydrodynamic model (Delft3D software developed by Deltares) has been calibrated using water level measurements at the lake entrance (Bougaz), while the water quality process constants and rates have been calibrated based on the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency(EEAA) field measurements.
Tide, wind, precipitation, evaporation, atmospheric pressure, drainage effluents, islands and aquatic plants data were acquired, and different water quality substances were modeled including Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonium (NH4), Nitrates (NO3), Lead (Pb), Zink (Zn), Nical (Ni) and Cadmium (Cd).
This, forces decision makers to set severe reuse schemes to fill the water supply demand gap. The reuse of water resulted in a deteriorating quality at the lower Nile delta specifically the northern lakes, causing eco-environmental problems and affecting the public health significantly (Valeriano, et.al. 2015).
El-Burullus Lake receives about 3.86 billion cubic meters per year of water from eight drains and one canal. Most of the drains dispose their water into the southern part of the lake, in addition to fresh water from Brimble Canal at the western part of the lake. The only connection with the sea is El-Burullus Bougaz (inlet / outlet) at the northern east part of the lake.
The flushing of the lake through the bougaz is not sufficient to improve the water quality of the lake, i.e. the release of polluted water from the southern drains is continuous and greater than seawater entering the lake through the bougaz, which increased the nutrients concentrations that flow with the drainage water into the lake, and lead to the growth of aquatic plants reaching eutrophication states. These plants cause water circulation problems and consequently, affect the marine life in the lake (El-Adawy et. al., 2014).
El-Burullus Lake is considered as an important source for fishery. Together with the other northern lakes like Maryut Lake, Manzala Lake and Edku Lake, about 185000 tons of fish are produced yearly. These sources of fish are threatened with water quality and water circulation issues. (El-Adawy et al., 2015)
The scope of the current research is to model the current hydrodynamic and water quality condition within the lake, then to use the devised model to examine different flushing options that may lead to enhancing the existing hydrodynamics and water quality conditions of the lake and the Mediterranean Sea.
A hydrodynamic model (Delft3D software developed by Deltares) has been calibrated using water level measurements at the lake entrance (Bougaz), while the water quality process constants and rates have been calibrated based on the Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency(EEAA) field measurements.
Tide, wind, precipitation, evaporation, atmospheric pressure, drainage effluents, islands and aquatic plants data were acquired, and different water quality substances were modeled including Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonium (NH4), Nitrates (NO3), Lead (Pb), Zink (Zn), Nical (Ni) and Cadmium (Cd).
Other data
| Title | “EL-BURULLUS LAKE NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF HYDRODYNAMICS AND WATER QUALITY” | Other Titles | النمذجة الرقمية لتحسين الخصائص الهيدروديناميكية وجودة المياه لبحيرة البرلس | Authors | Mohanad Ashraf Saad Zaghloul | Issue Date | 2017 |
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