Stent Design in Management of Extracranial Carotid Stenosis

Abstract

Stroke is the third leading cause of death worldwide. There are approximately 795, 000 new or recurrent strokes annually in the United States (610 being first ever events and 185, 000 being recurrent event) (Biller et al., 2016). In Egypt, stroke incidence is difficult to be estimated as not all stroke patients are admitted to a hospital. Reliable nationwide epidemiological studies are lacking, yet some regional studies indicate an incidence of 2.1 per 1,000 inhabitants (Abdulghani and Etribi, 2003). The overall prevalence rate of stroke is high with a crude prevalence rate of 963/100, 000 inhabitants (Abdallah and Moustafa, 2014). Patients who suffered a transient ischemic attack (TIA) are at high risk of stroke recurrence. The risk is higher in the first month and highest in patients with hemispheric TIA and carotid stenosis causing more than 70% luminal reduction (Streifler and Barnett, 1992). Carotid occlusive disease amenable to revascularization accounts for 5% to 12% of new strokes in the united states. This clarifies the importance of prophylaxis and early interference (Kleindorfer et al., 2005; Thom et al., 2006). Carotid interventions are effective measures in preventing stroke and death among patients with significant carotid stenosis. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been shown to be effective in significantly reducing the risk of