Co-Morbid Anxiety in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Shaimaa Sayed Ibrahim;
Abstract
ADHD in children is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, or a combination of these symptoms, which compromise basic everyday functions such as learning to read and making friends.
Children with ADHD frequently have comorbid psychiatric disorders, including (but not limited to) oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, and mood disorder. The comorbid conditions can be primary or secondary (e.g., exacerbated by the ADHD). In either case, they require treatment independent of the treatment for ADHD.
Patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often present with other mental health problems and may have more than one coexisting condition.
About one quarter to one third of children with ADHD will meet the criteria for an anxiety disorder, compared with 5-15% of the general population. The MTA study found that 34% of the children with ADHD met the criteria for an anxiety disorder. Parents and children often differ on reports of anxiety; the parent states that the child is anxious, but the child denies such symptoms, and vice versa.
We hypothesized that, anxiety and or anxiety symptoms are common comorbid conditions with ADHD.
The aim of this study:
1) To search for anxiety as symptoms or as a disorder in a group of children with ADHD.
2) To correlate anxiety as symptoms or as disorder to different illness variables.
After ethical approval and consent, we selected 70 patients diagnosed as ADHD according to DSMIV criteria. MINIKID done for patients group for diagnosis and exclusion of co-morbidity with other Neurodevelopmental disorder with IQ assessment and Conner's scale to determine profile and severity of ADHD and MAS was done to diagnose anxiety disorder in children. Lastly statistical analysis for data via SPSS version 17.
Data obtained analyzed by an expert statistician using statistical package for social science SPSS version 15. Numerical data were represented in the form of means and standard deviation. Categorical data were presented in numbers and frequencies and were tested for statistical associations using Chi square tests and cross stab. Independent group t-test for comparison of numerical data between two groups. Spearman's rank correlation was also used for nonparametric correlation to identify factors associated with Anxiety among patients with ADHD. Also regression analysis done for possible ADHD symptoms that could predict the presence of co morbid anxiety disorder among ADHD patients.
Analysis of data of 70 patients, 18 females (25.7%) and 52 males (74.3%). Mean age among them was 8-13 (9.3+/-1.5) years.
There was very highly significant difference between males and female among the sample as 74.3% of the sample were males versus 25.7% were females, P was .000.
Mean age of the sample was 9.3+/-1.5 years, 91.4% of the sample diagnosed as ADHD combined type versus 8.6% were inattentive type and no cases diagnosed as Hyperactive/Impulsive type, 51.4% of the sample had co morbid anxiety disorder versus 48.6% didn’t have, 34.3% of the sample had co morbid depression versus 65.7% didn’t have and 30% of the sample categorized as having mild anxiety symptoms versus 54.3% had moderate anxiety and another 15.7% had severe anxiety symptoms.
Diagnosis of GAD was significantly directly associated with all subscales of MAS and similarly with total score of the scale, and the most frequent anxiety symptoms was that of social anxiety while least frequent was that of OCD.
This study estimated anxiety disorder and symptoms of group of ADHD, we have shown the prevalence of anxiety disorders among clinically referred sample of ADHD children as 51.4% of the sample had at least one anxiety disorder. Most frequent anxiety disorder among our sample was GAD 35,7% followed by social anxiety disorder as it was 32.9% and least frequent was OCD as it
Children with ADHD frequently have comorbid psychiatric disorders, including (but not limited to) oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, and mood disorder. The comorbid conditions can be primary or secondary (e.g., exacerbated by the ADHD). In either case, they require treatment independent of the treatment for ADHD.
Patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often present with other mental health problems and may have more than one coexisting condition.
About one quarter to one third of children with ADHD will meet the criteria for an anxiety disorder, compared with 5-15% of the general population. The MTA study found that 34% of the children with ADHD met the criteria for an anxiety disorder. Parents and children often differ on reports of anxiety; the parent states that the child is anxious, but the child denies such symptoms, and vice versa.
We hypothesized that, anxiety and or anxiety symptoms are common comorbid conditions with ADHD.
The aim of this study:
1) To search for anxiety as symptoms or as a disorder in a group of children with ADHD.
2) To correlate anxiety as symptoms or as disorder to different illness variables.
After ethical approval and consent, we selected 70 patients diagnosed as ADHD according to DSMIV criteria. MINIKID done for patients group for diagnosis and exclusion of co-morbidity with other Neurodevelopmental disorder with IQ assessment and Conner's scale to determine profile and severity of ADHD and MAS was done to diagnose anxiety disorder in children. Lastly statistical analysis for data via SPSS version 17.
Data obtained analyzed by an expert statistician using statistical package for social science SPSS version 15. Numerical data were represented in the form of means and standard deviation. Categorical data were presented in numbers and frequencies and were tested for statistical associations using Chi square tests and cross stab. Independent group t-test for comparison of numerical data between two groups. Spearman's rank correlation was also used for nonparametric correlation to identify factors associated with Anxiety among patients with ADHD. Also regression analysis done for possible ADHD symptoms that could predict the presence of co morbid anxiety disorder among ADHD patients.
Analysis of data of 70 patients, 18 females (25.7%) and 52 males (74.3%). Mean age among them was 8-13 (9.3+/-1.5) years.
There was very highly significant difference between males and female among the sample as 74.3% of the sample were males versus 25.7% were females, P was .000.
Mean age of the sample was 9.3+/-1.5 years, 91.4% of the sample diagnosed as ADHD combined type versus 8.6% were inattentive type and no cases diagnosed as Hyperactive/Impulsive type, 51.4% of the sample had co morbid anxiety disorder versus 48.6% didn’t have, 34.3% of the sample had co morbid depression versus 65.7% didn’t have and 30% of the sample categorized as having mild anxiety symptoms versus 54.3% had moderate anxiety and another 15.7% had severe anxiety symptoms.
Diagnosis of GAD was significantly directly associated with all subscales of MAS and similarly with total score of the scale, and the most frequent anxiety symptoms was that of social anxiety while least frequent was that of OCD.
This study estimated anxiety disorder and symptoms of group of ADHD, we have shown the prevalence of anxiety disorders among clinically referred sample of ADHD children as 51.4% of the sample had at least one anxiety disorder. Most frequent anxiety disorder among our sample was GAD 35,7% followed by social anxiety disorder as it was 32.9% and least frequent was OCD as it
Other data
| Title | Co-Morbid Anxiety in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | Other Titles | القلق المصاحب عند الأطفال الذين يعانون من اضطراب نقص الانتباه وفرط النشاط الحركى | Authors | Shaimaa Sayed Ibrahim | Issue Date | 2014 |
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