Canal Cleaning Ability of Endovac System Using Different Irrigants: An In-vitro Study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the safety and the canal cleaning ability of Endovac with Conventional syringe. A total of 60 human single rooted anteriors and premolars were used in this study.20 teeth were forced till the cementoenamel junction into a glass vial. The experimental model was then weighed on sensitive balance, then tooth length measured and cleaning and shaping continued then after irrigation the experimental model weighed again then we will subtract both measurements from each other to detect extruded debris and irrigants. The remaining samples were then decoronated, the root length was measured.Longitudnal grooves were performed on the buccal and lingual surfaces to facilitate splitting after instrumentation. Samples were divided into two experimental groups according to device of irrigation used whether Endovac or Conventional syringe. Each group was subdivided into subgroups according to the irrigant used. Evaluation of the safety: Teeth were forced till the Cementoenamel junction into a punctured rubber stopper of a glass vial. The experimental model was then weighed on sensitive balance, then tooth length was measured and cleaning and shaping were performed, then after irrigation the experimental model was weighed again then we will subtract both measurements from each other to detect extruded debris and irrigants. Data was collected and statistically analysed.

Evaluation of debris: Longitudinal sections were desiccated and gold sputtered to be viewed using scanning electron microscope. Images were taken cervical, middle and apical regions. A scoring system was used to give debris score for each third of the canal. Data was collected and statistically analyzed. Evaluation of smear layer: Longitudinal sections were desiccated and gold sputtered to be viewed using scanning electron microscope. Images were taken cervical, middle and apical regions. A scoring system was used to give smear score for each third of the canal. Data was collected and statistically analyzed. Results  Results showed that Endovac technique is safer than the conventional syringe which when forced inside the root canal can cause severe apical extrusion of irrigants like sodium hypochlorite which can cause sodium hypochlorite accident causing severe damage to periodontal tissues and severe pain to patient on the contrary of Endovac which is very safe, and can deliver the irrigant to the apex without fear of irrigant extrusion to perform its maximum effect safely without fear of extrusion,p value in this test is=0.004,therefore is significant statistical difference between Endovac and Conventional syringe regarding apical extrusion.  Results also showed that Endovac and Conventional syringe gave relatively similar results in coronal and middle thirds regarding debris removal where there is no significant difference between them, while in apical thirds the Conventional syringe needle irrigation differed significantly from Endovac and left more debris when using NaOCl and EDTA where the p value is =0.031.  Results also showed that there is statistically significant difference between the Endovac and the Conventional syringe in smear layer removal from the apical third of the root canal when using NaOCl and EDTA where p value=0.031,where Endovac gave better results than Conventional syringe in apical one third, but in coronal and middle thirds there is no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups, while when CHX irrigant is used they both gave relatively almost near results due to the substrate formed when NaOCl and CHX reacts together which gave very bad scores of debris and smear layer .