RENAL FAILURE IN CHILDREN
Naglaa Fawzy A. Boraey;
Abstract
Renitl failure is the inability of the kidneys to perform their functions.
Renal failure may be acute or chronic.
Acute renal failure is a. condition characterized by a temporary and usually reversible failure of the kidney to excrete the waste products of metabolism. The condition is associated with electrolyte and acid-base disturbances and usually with oliguria.
Acute renal failure occurs when the kidney functions become suddenly and severely impaired so that the normal body fluid homeostasis is .lost. Renal functions may cease because of impaired renal perfusion (pre renal failure), injury to• the kidney itself (intrinsic renal failure) or obstruction to the outflow of urine from the kidney or collecting system (post renal failure).
The most common cause of prerenal failure is dehydration which usually results from severe gastrointestinal losses. Hypovolemia • and hypotension resulting from sepsis, hemorrhage, shock or congestive heart failure may also lead to prerenal failure. On the other hand, intrinsic renal failure can be caused by glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis and nephrotoxic drugs. Lastly, causes of post renal failure include obstructive uropathy and vesicoureteric reflux.
The predominant clinical findings of acute renal failure are those of the primary condition. Clinical findings related specifically to acute renal failure include decreased urine output and oedema if excessive fluids are administered. With progression of renal failure, hyperkalemia, hyperventilation, hypertension and convulsions may occur.
Renal failure may be acute or chronic.
Acute renal failure is a. condition characterized by a temporary and usually reversible failure of the kidney to excrete the waste products of metabolism. The condition is associated with electrolyte and acid-base disturbances and usually with oliguria.
Acute renal failure occurs when the kidney functions become suddenly and severely impaired so that the normal body fluid homeostasis is .lost. Renal functions may cease because of impaired renal perfusion (pre renal failure), injury to• the kidney itself (intrinsic renal failure) or obstruction to the outflow of urine from the kidney or collecting system (post renal failure).
The most common cause of prerenal failure is dehydration which usually results from severe gastrointestinal losses. Hypovolemia • and hypotension resulting from sepsis, hemorrhage, shock or congestive heart failure may also lead to prerenal failure. On the other hand, intrinsic renal failure can be caused by glomerulonephritis, acute tubular necrosis and nephrotoxic drugs. Lastly, causes of post renal failure include obstructive uropathy and vesicoureteric reflux.
The predominant clinical findings of acute renal failure are those of the primary condition. Clinical findings related specifically to acute renal failure include decreased urine output and oedema if excessive fluids are administered. With progression of renal failure, hyperkalemia, hyperventilation, hypertension and convulsions may occur.
Other data
| Title | RENAL FAILURE IN CHILDREN | Other Titles | الفشل الكلوى عند الاطفال | Authors | Naglaa Fawzy A. Boraey | Issue Date | 1999 |
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