Superficial Bladder Tumors; Different Modalnies of diagnosis and treatment

Abstract

Bladder cancer is one of the most common diseases treated by the urologists, the bladder is the most common site of cancer in the urinary tract. In Egypt squamous cell carcinoma is the most common tumor but recently, transitional cell carcinoma shows definitive rise over the years, superficial tumors represent 30% of transitional cell carcinoma in bilharzia! pati ents. Two variants of bladder cancer are recogn i zed either superficia l papillary or muscle invasi ve type. The most important method of diagnosis and staging is cystoscopy and biopsy. Transurethral resection is the primary modality for eradication of Ta and TI and can effectively control focal carcinoma in situ. Adjuvant intravesica l chemotherapy or immunotherapy is indicated in patients who are at high risk for recurrence.