Stressors and Coping Patterns of Mothers Having Children with Bronchial Asthma
Doaa Saber Mahran Sherif;
Abstract
Summary
A
sthma is a serious global chronic health problem allover the world as well as Egypt. The incidence of asthma among the Egyptian children aged 5-15 years was estimated to be 8.2%. Bronchial asthma is also responsible for a significant proportion of school day losses and increasing rates of hospitalization. The coping strategies for bronchial asthma serve to reduce the impact of the stressful events thus attenuating the emotional and somatic responses and making it more possible to maintain normal performance at the time (Al-Ghazawy, 2013).
Aim of the Study
This study aimed to assess stressors and coping patterns of mothers having children with bronchial asthma.
Research Questions:
1. What are the stressors facing both the bronchial asthma children and their mothers?
2. What are the coping patterns of the bronchial asthma children and their mothers?
3. Is there a relationship between the studied subjects’s characteristics and their coping patterns?
4. Are their relations between characterstics of the mother's with their stressors and coping patterns?
I-Research Design:
A descriptive design was used to conduct this study.
(1) STUDY SETTING
This study was conducted in Pediatric outpatient clinics at children hospital affiliated to ain Shams university hospitals.
(2) SUBJECTS
The subjects of this study composed of 100 children (purposive samble) were attended in the previously mentioned setting over a 6 months period regardless of their residence, age and gender…etc. who full fill the following criteria: - Age from 5-15 years.
- Confirmed diagnosis of bronchial asthma
TECHNICAL DESIGN
Tools of data collection: Data were collected through use of the following tools:
I- Interview questionnaire form (Appendix I):
It will be developed by the researcher after reviewing the relevant literature and will be written in simple Arabic language to suit level of understanding of mothers to collect data regarding:
Part (1): It was used to assess demographic characteristics of the studied children such as gender, age, and ranking.
Part (2): Mother's knowledge regarding asthma concept, clinical manifestation, diagnosis of illness, familial history of diseeas and type of treatment.
Scoring system for knowledge questions:
The right answers were scored one, and those wrong were scored zero. These scores were summed-up and converted into a percent score. Satisfy answer if the percent score was 75% or more and unsatisfied if less than 75%.
II. Parenting stress index (Appendix II): it was adopted from Abidin, 1995: to assess stressors facing mothers having children with bronchial asthma, this sheet consists of three parts:
1. Physical stress factors
2. Psychological stress factors
3. Social stress factors
Scoring system:
The questionnaire items were scored 5,4,3,2, 1, and 0 for the responses strong agree, agree uncertain, disagree and strong disagree. The scores of the items of each part were summed-up and the total divided by the number of the items, giving a mean score for the part. These scores were converted into a percent score, and means and standard deviations were computed.
- Score 1 – 31 no stress
- Score 32 – 63 mild stress
- Score 64-95 moderat stress
- Score 96 – 124 sever stress
III- Coping patterns Scale (Appendix III):
It was adopted from (Jalwiec & Powers 1991) it was used to assess coping patterns of mothers having children with bronchial asthma.
Scoring system:
The questionnaire items were scored 5,4,3,2, 1, and 0 for the responses strong agree, agree uncertain, disagree and strong disagree. The scores of the items of each part were summed-up and the total divided by the number of the items, giving a mean score for the part. These scores were converted into a percent score, and means and standard deviations were computed.
- Score 1 – 18 no coping
- Score 19 – 60 negative coping
- Score 61 – 90 positive coping
II. OPERATION DESIGN
The operational design for this study consisted of three phases, namely preparatory phase, pilot study, and fieldwork.
Preparatory Phase
This phase included reviewing of literature related to mothers' knowledge and stress factors, coping regarding bronchial asthma by using books, articles, journals, and internet. This served to develop the study tools for data collection. During this phase, the researcher also visited the selected places to get acquainted with the personnel and the study settings. Development of the tools was under supervisors’ guidance and experts’ opinions were considered.
Pilot Study
Pilot study was carried out on 10% of children pediatric outpatient clinics at children hospital affiliated to Ain Shams university hospitals in order to test the applicability of the constructed tools and the clarity of the included questions related to mothers' knowledge and stress factors and coping regarding bronchial asthma. The pilot has also served to estimate the time needed for each subject to fill in the questions. According to the results of the pilot, some corrections and omissions of items were performed as needed. The pilot participants were not included in the main study sample.
A
sthma is a serious global chronic health problem allover the world as well as Egypt. The incidence of asthma among the Egyptian children aged 5-15 years was estimated to be 8.2%. Bronchial asthma is also responsible for a significant proportion of school day losses and increasing rates of hospitalization. The coping strategies for bronchial asthma serve to reduce the impact of the stressful events thus attenuating the emotional and somatic responses and making it more possible to maintain normal performance at the time (Al-Ghazawy, 2013).
Aim of the Study
This study aimed to assess stressors and coping patterns of mothers having children with bronchial asthma.
Research Questions:
1. What are the stressors facing both the bronchial asthma children and their mothers?
2. What are the coping patterns of the bronchial asthma children and their mothers?
3. Is there a relationship between the studied subjects’s characteristics and their coping patterns?
4. Are their relations between characterstics of the mother's with their stressors and coping patterns?
I-Research Design:
A descriptive design was used to conduct this study.
(1) STUDY SETTING
This study was conducted in Pediatric outpatient clinics at children hospital affiliated to ain Shams university hospitals.
(2) SUBJECTS
The subjects of this study composed of 100 children (purposive samble) were attended in the previously mentioned setting over a 6 months period regardless of their residence, age and gender…etc. who full fill the following criteria: - Age from 5-15 years.
- Confirmed diagnosis of bronchial asthma
TECHNICAL DESIGN
Tools of data collection: Data were collected through use of the following tools:
I- Interview questionnaire form (Appendix I):
It will be developed by the researcher after reviewing the relevant literature and will be written in simple Arabic language to suit level of understanding of mothers to collect data regarding:
Part (1): It was used to assess demographic characteristics of the studied children such as gender, age, and ranking.
Part (2): Mother's knowledge regarding asthma concept, clinical manifestation, diagnosis of illness, familial history of diseeas and type of treatment.
Scoring system for knowledge questions:
The right answers were scored one, and those wrong were scored zero. These scores were summed-up and converted into a percent score. Satisfy answer if the percent score was 75% or more and unsatisfied if less than 75%.
II. Parenting stress index (Appendix II): it was adopted from Abidin, 1995: to assess stressors facing mothers having children with bronchial asthma, this sheet consists of three parts:
1. Physical stress factors
2. Psychological stress factors
3. Social stress factors
Scoring system:
The questionnaire items were scored 5,4,3,2, 1, and 0 for the responses strong agree, agree uncertain, disagree and strong disagree. The scores of the items of each part were summed-up and the total divided by the number of the items, giving a mean score for the part. These scores were converted into a percent score, and means and standard deviations were computed.
- Score 1 – 31 no stress
- Score 32 – 63 mild stress
- Score 64-95 moderat stress
- Score 96 – 124 sever stress
III- Coping patterns Scale (Appendix III):
It was adopted from (Jalwiec & Powers 1991) it was used to assess coping patterns of mothers having children with bronchial asthma.
Scoring system:
The questionnaire items were scored 5,4,3,2, 1, and 0 for the responses strong agree, agree uncertain, disagree and strong disagree. The scores of the items of each part were summed-up and the total divided by the number of the items, giving a mean score for the part. These scores were converted into a percent score, and means and standard deviations were computed.
- Score 1 – 18 no coping
- Score 19 – 60 negative coping
- Score 61 – 90 positive coping
II. OPERATION DESIGN
The operational design for this study consisted of three phases, namely preparatory phase, pilot study, and fieldwork.
Preparatory Phase
This phase included reviewing of literature related to mothers' knowledge and stress factors, coping regarding bronchial asthma by using books, articles, journals, and internet. This served to develop the study tools for data collection. During this phase, the researcher also visited the selected places to get acquainted with the personnel and the study settings. Development of the tools was under supervisors’ guidance and experts’ opinions were considered.
Pilot Study
Pilot study was carried out on 10% of children pediatric outpatient clinics at children hospital affiliated to Ain Shams university hospitals in order to test the applicability of the constructed tools and the clarity of the included questions related to mothers' knowledge and stress factors and coping regarding bronchial asthma. The pilot has also served to estimate the time needed for each subject to fill in the questions. According to the results of the pilot, some corrections and omissions of items were performed as needed. The pilot participants were not included in the main study sample.
Other data
| Title | Stressors and Coping Patterns of Mothers Having Children with Bronchial Asthma | Other Titles | الضغوط وأنماط التكيف لأمهات الأطفال الذين يعانون من الربو الشعبى (الازمة) | Authors | Doaa Saber Mahran Sherif | Issue Date | 2016 |
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