Nutrition & Outcomes in Intensive Care Units’ Patients

Abstract

The three organic (carbon- based) fuels used by the human body are carbohydrates, proteins & lipids. The energy field from the combustion of these fuels is measured at heat production in kilocalories (KCal) per gram of substrate. (Bistrian and Mc cowen 2008) Nutritional support refers to enteral or parenteral delivery of carbohydrates, proteins, electrolytes, vitamins, minerals, trace elements & fluids to critically all patients. (Mc Clave et al., 2009) The relationship between nutritional status & patients outcomes is of particular interest in chronically critically ill patients. Those patients who survive the life-threatening phase of critical illness but have prolonged hospitalizations because of their dependence on critical care support services. (Daly et al., 2001) Malnutrition, irrespective of the presence of injury & stress, is an independent risk factor for morbidity & mortality, there for early identification & appropriate action is critical & appropriate nutrition support results in decreased duration of ventilation, decreased complications & decreased costs. (Holmes. 2007)