HYPERTENSION AND THE KIDNEY

Abstract

Hypertension is considered one of the major health problems in all population as it causes many complication and heath problems that affect most systems of the human body anddistracts there organs.

- Hypertension is known as an increase in blood pressure mesurement more than 140/90 and it in considered on of the most world wide spread disease. - The prevalence of hypertension in Egypt in 26.3%

- Hypertension is considered as a major factor for coronary artery disease and other neurological problems. - How even there is no rigidly defined thereshold of blood pressure

above which complication are expected. But it is known that the detrimental effects of blood pressure increases continously as blood pressure rises and affect may body argans as kidneys. Heart- Brain­ eyes- periphral vasculature. In this work we concentrated on the relation between Hypertension

and kidneys as it finally leads to chronic renal failure, also same renal diseases cause elevation in blood pressure as renal artery stenosis, chromic glomerulnephritis, cystic kidney disease and some renal malignarcies. Chronic renal failure from other reasons may be also associated with

hypertensionk.

We also discussed hypertension in dialysis patients with volume overload as a major cause of hypertension. Renal transplant patients also may suffer for hypertension and this may be due a hypertensive donor, chronic rejection, graft artery stenosis or the effect of antirejection drugs as cortison, and cyclosporin. All these show that hypertension is one of the dangerous diseases that should be controlled to avoid serious complication using different drugs as diuretics, 13 blockers angiotensin converting enzyne inhibitors, a blockers, vasodilators and other drugs that lower high blood pressure.