Potential Pharmacological and Phytochemical Properties of Different Fractions of Moringa Oleifera Methanol Extract
Abduljalil Hamood Ahmed Almaweri;
Abstract
The present work was carried out to study some phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Moringa oleifera methanol extract (MOLME) and its fractions namely; Antidiarrheal, Antibacterial, (in vitro – in vivo) Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective effect.
Moringa oleifera leaves methanol extract (MOLME) was subjected to fractionation by using five types of solvents with different polarity; n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. The chemical constituents of (MOLME) and its fractions were identified chemically and by GC-Mass.
The phytochemical screening revealed that MOLME contains high concentration of carbohydrate, cardiac glycosides, protein and amino acids with a moderate concentration of alkaloids, reducing sugar, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, fixed oil and fats.
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The GC-Mass analysis revealed that presence of several chemical compounds with different concentration. The major components in methanol extract were trans-2, 3-Dimethoxycinnamic acid, Flavoxate, cis,cis-Muconic acid , Z-3,17-Octadecadien-1-ol acetate and Stevioside. In n-hexane fraction the major components were (11Z)-10-Methyl-11-tetradecenyl propionate and Egtazic acid. In dichloromethane fraction the major compenents were Camphoric acid, (11Z)-10-Methyl-11-tetradecenyl propionate, β-Orcinaldehyde and Egtazic acid. In ethyl acetate fraction the major components were Methyl 3,6-anhydro-α-D-galactoside , 1-methylcyclohexanol , Valine , cis,cis-Muconic acid and Methylmalonic acid. In n-butanol fraction the major components were Betaine, Camphoric acid, 3-Deoxy-d-mannoic lactone and Mannosamine. In aqueous fraction the major components were6-Octadecenoic acid , Methyl elaidate , (11Z)-10-Methyl-11-tetradecenyl propionate , Flavoxate and Citrulline. The components were distributed into the outcome of different fractions.
The acute toxicity (LD50) of MOLME was determined by oral administration in mice. The oral administration of high doses of MOLME revealed high safety of the plant. The oral LD50 was more than 4500 mg/kg detected.
The antidiarrheal activity of MOLME and its fractions were evaluated by castor oil induced diarrhea in rats, intestinal transit of charcoal meal in mice and isolated rabbit duodenum. The results showed that there was significant antidiarrheal effect for MOLME and three fractions; n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate as it decreased the number of stool pellets discharged (8.2±084, 1.8±0.45, 3.4±0.55 and 4.2±0.84) respectively by castor oil-administered in rats and delayed the propulsion of charcoal meal in mice (59.36%, 66.96%, 69.98% and 74.35%) . The antidiarrheal effect for MOLME was also confirmed by inhibition of the in vitro demonstrated rabbit's duodenum motility.
The antibacterial activity of MOLME and its fractions were evaluated against some Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Streptococcus pyogens ATCC 12344) and Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 13883, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774) using in vitro well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration MIC. The results showed moderate confined effect for MOLME at concentration of 400mg/ml The diameters of inhibition zones for S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogens, Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Bacillus subtilis and K. pneumonia were 9.7±1.7, 14.5±0.5, 15.0±2.9, 6.7±0.6, 11.3±1.2, 18.0±1.0 and13.0±3.5mm, respectively, for the concentration of 400 mg/ml. High effect for n-butanol fraction the respective diameter zones of inhibition were 27.0±1.7, 17.3±2.5, 22.3±3.8, 22.3±2.9, 27.0±1.0, and 28.0±1.7mm, respectively. Marked effect for aqueous fraction. MICs were measured for MOLME and its fractions and results were a variation depending on the type of bacteria results ranged between 50 to 12.5 mg/ml.
The antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of MOLME and its fractions were evaluated in vitro by using DPPH test and in vivo by administration of MOLME and its fractions for rats after induced hepatotoxicity by CCL4. The result showed that in vitro moderate effect of MOLME 40.1% and high effect of two fractions ethyl acetate and n-butanol 89.9 % and 88.9 %. In vivo the results showed significant effect for MOLME and three fractions n-hexane, dichloromethane and aqueous fractions in several parameter protein profile, liver functions and antioxidant biomarkers (GSH, GST, CAT and LPO).
Moringa oleifera leaves methanol extract (MOLME) was subjected to fractionation by using five types of solvents with different polarity; n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. The chemical constituents of (MOLME) and its fractions were identified chemically and by GC-Mass.
The phytochemical screening revealed that MOLME contains high concentration of carbohydrate, cardiac glycosides, protein and amino acids with a moderate concentration of alkaloids, reducing sugar, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, fixed oil and fats.
.
The GC-Mass analysis revealed that presence of several chemical compounds with different concentration. The major components in methanol extract were trans-2, 3-Dimethoxycinnamic acid, Flavoxate, cis,cis-Muconic acid , Z-3,17-Octadecadien-1-ol acetate and Stevioside. In n-hexane fraction the major components were (11Z)-10-Methyl-11-tetradecenyl propionate and Egtazic acid. In dichloromethane fraction the major compenents were Camphoric acid, (11Z)-10-Methyl-11-tetradecenyl propionate, β-Orcinaldehyde and Egtazic acid. In ethyl acetate fraction the major components were Methyl 3,6-anhydro-α-D-galactoside , 1-methylcyclohexanol , Valine , cis,cis-Muconic acid and Methylmalonic acid. In n-butanol fraction the major components were Betaine, Camphoric acid, 3-Deoxy-d-mannoic lactone and Mannosamine. In aqueous fraction the major components were6-Octadecenoic acid , Methyl elaidate , (11Z)-10-Methyl-11-tetradecenyl propionate , Flavoxate and Citrulline. The components were distributed into the outcome of different fractions.
The acute toxicity (LD50) of MOLME was determined by oral administration in mice. The oral administration of high doses of MOLME revealed high safety of the plant. The oral LD50 was more than 4500 mg/kg detected.
The antidiarrheal activity of MOLME and its fractions were evaluated by castor oil induced diarrhea in rats, intestinal transit of charcoal meal in mice and isolated rabbit duodenum. The results showed that there was significant antidiarrheal effect for MOLME and three fractions; n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate as it decreased the number of stool pellets discharged (8.2±084, 1.8±0.45, 3.4±0.55 and 4.2±0.84) respectively by castor oil-administered in rats and delayed the propulsion of charcoal meal in mice (59.36%, 66.96%, 69.98% and 74.35%) . The antidiarrheal effect for MOLME was also confirmed by inhibition of the in vitro demonstrated rabbit's duodenum motility.
The antibacterial activity of MOLME and its fractions were evaluated against some Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Streptococcus pyogens ATCC 12344) and Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 13883, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11774) using in vitro well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration MIC. The results showed moderate confined effect for MOLME at concentration of 400mg/ml The diameters of inhibition zones for S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogens, Salmonella typhimurium, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Bacillus subtilis and K. pneumonia were 9.7±1.7, 14.5±0.5, 15.0±2.9, 6.7±0.6, 11.3±1.2, 18.0±1.0 and13.0±3.5mm, respectively, for the concentration of 400 mg/ml. High effect for n-butanol fraction the respective diameter zones of inhibition were 27.0±1.7, 17.3±2.5, 22.3±3.8, 22.3±2.9, 27.0±1.0, and 28.0±1.7mm, respectively. Marked effect for aqueous fraction. MICs were measured for MOLME and its fractions and results were a variation depending on the type of bacteria results ranged between 50 to 12.5 mg/ml.
The antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of MOLME and its fractions were evaluated in vitro by using DPPH test and in vivo by administration of MOLME and its fractions for rats after induced hepatotoxicity by CCL4. The result showed that in vitro moderate effect of MOLME 40.1% and high effect of two fractions ethyl acetate and n-butanol 89.9 % and 88.9 %. In vivo the results showed significant effect for MOLME and three fractions n-hexane, dichloromethane and aqueous fractions in several parameter protein profile, liver functions and antioxidant biomarkers (GSH, GST, CAT and LPO).
Other data
| Title | Potential Pharmacological and Phytochemical Properties of Different Fractions of Moringa Oleifera Methanol Extract | Other Titles | الخصائص الدوائيه والفيتوكيميائية المحتملة للأجزاء المختلفة من المستخلص الميثانولي للمورينجا اوليفيرا | Authors | Abduljalil Hamood Ahmed Almaweri | Issue Date | 2017 |
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