Effect of Locally Delivered Antioxidants as An Adjunct to Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy on GCF Level of Oxidative Stress Marker; Protein Carbonyl

Abstract

Oxygen is a double edged weapon. It is vital to life, however it may have potential toxic effect. Because of its highly reactive nature it is capable of participating in the production of potentially damaging molecules known as free radicals. Free radicals can be defined as being any species have the ability to exist independently while having one or more unpaired electrons as a result they are highly reactive by nature (Chapple et al., 1997)(Pendyala Get al., 2008). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a subgroup of a larger "free radicals group" that includes reactive oxygen species, reactive chlorine species, reactive nitrogen species (RNS).However, ROS have become more popular than the term free radicals (Chapple et al., 1997). ROS can be defined as intermediate oxygen carrying metabolites with or without an unpaired electron, whichhave the capability of oxidizing other components and converting them into free radicals (Rammal Het al., 2010),(Bouayed Jet al., 2010). Body cells produce free radicals (oxidants) when they are exposed to substances that inducetheir production (pro-oxidants). Dahiya et al, (2013) classified sources of pro-oxidants into 2 main categories, endogenous and exogenous sources. Endogenous sources were further classified into two mechanisms.