Study of Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease among Attendances of Diabetes Clinic at Ain Shams Hospital

Abstract

Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The chronic hyperglycemia of diabetes is associated with long-term damage, dysfunction, and failure of different organs, especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels (ADA, 2015). Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is defined as chronic atherosclerotic occlusive disease of lower extremities. PAD is associated with increased risk of lower extremity amputation and is also considered as a marker for atherothrombosis in cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renovascular beds. Patients with PAD therefore have an increased risk of MI, stroke and death (McDermott, 2015). DM doubles the possibility of developing PAD. Furthermore, Diabetic patients with PAD are more likely to progress to major amputation compared to PAD patients without diabetes(Chin & Sumpio,2014). The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of Peripheral arterial disease among Diabetic patients attending Diabetes clinic at Ain Shams hospital and to evaluate risk factors associated with PAD in these patients. This study was conducted at Diabetes clinic of Ain Shams university hospitalduring the period from March 2014 to February 2015. 269 diabetic patients of both sex whether type 1 or type 2 who regularly attend diabetic clinic were included in the study. All diabetic patients included in this study were submitted to Full history taking and clinical examination,ABI measurement, and laboratory assessment in the form of lipid profile and HbA1C measurement. Then patients with ABI <0.9 or >1.3were further examined by arterial duplex to confirm diagnosis of PAD.Results were submitted to statistical analysis using SPSS. Among all population of the study, patients diagnosed to have PAD were 10.4% of the study population (n=28), While patients with no PAD were 89.6% of the study population. All patients with PAD in this study were type 2 DM with a prevalence of 12.4%. 61.5 % of PAD patients diagnosed by Doppler had only mild diffuse atherosclerotic changes without significant vascular affection in their Doppler