Paternal Postnatal Depression
Samaa Hesham Mohamed Mahdy;
Abstract
Recently research has focused on paternal perinatal psychiatric disorders and media recognition has been slowly started to detect and focus on it (Condon, 2006; Kim et al., 2007). Fathers experience significant changes in life after children and many of which are similar to the experiences of the mothers (Bielawska et al., 2006). The effect of paternal depression during the early months of their children’s lives has received little attention (Goodman et al., 2004). Adolescent children of depressed fathers have increased rates of psychopathology, but less is known about the possible effects of paternal depression on earlier lives of their children (Kane et al., 2004).
Rationale, hypothesis and aim of the work:
Research about men in the perinatal period is scarce, so there is need for more researches on this area. Our hypothesis suggests that PPD is more prevalent than expected and children developmental outcomes and behaviors are affected by PPD. The aim of this work is to review the available literature on PPD and to shed light on the effect of PPD on the family.
Methodology:
After collecting data from available studies on PPD, the findings has been summarized and compared to MPD and recommendations were generated.
Review of literature:
• Risk factors:
Paternal postnatal depression is a one of the mood disorders that affects fathers after their childbirth within the first 12 postnatal months for at least two weeks (Cox, 2004) with wide range of incidence from 4 % to 25% (Goodman, 2004; Ramchandani et al., 2005; Paulson et al., 2006). It occurs due to biopsychosocial factors (Verkerk et al., 2005). Low levels of testosterone, cortisol, prolactin, vasopressin & estrogen may increase the risk for PPD (KIM, 2007).
Also, young age of fathers, low income status, low educational level, poor marital relationships, unintended pregnancies and lack of social support are the social risks for PPD.
Moreover, psychological risk factors like lack of sleep, traumatic birth experience, previous psychiatric disorders and neurotic personalities may lead to PPD (Weinman et al., 2005). MPD is the most important risk
Rationale, hypothesis and aim of the work:
Research about men in the perinatal period is scarce, so there is need for more researches on this area. Our hypothesis suggests that PPD is more prevalent than expected and children developmental outcomes and behaviors are affected by PPD. The aim of this work is to review the available literature on PPD and to shed light on the effect of PPD on the family.
Methodology:
After collecting data from available studies on PPD, the findings has been summarized and compared to MPD and recommendations were generated.
Review of literature:
• Risk factors:
Paternal postnatal depression is a one of the mood disorders that affects fathers after their childbirth within the first 12 postnatal months for at least two weeks (Cox, 2004) with wide range of incidence from 4 % to 25% (Goodman, 2004; Ramchandani et al., 2005; Paulson et al., 2006). It occurs due to biopsychosocial factors (Verkerk et al., 2005). Low levels of testosterone, cortisol, prolactin, vasopressin & estrogen may increase the risk for PPD (KIM, 2007).
Also, young age of fathers, low income status, low educational level, poor marital relationships, unintended pregnancies and lack of social support are the social risks for PPD.
Moreover, psychological risk factors like lack of sleep, traumatic birth experience, previous psychiatric disorders and neurotic personalities may lead to PPD (Weinman et al., 2005). MPD is the most important risk
Other data
| Title | Paternal Postnatal Depression | Other Titles | اكتئـــاب ما بعــد الـــولادة في الأبــاء | Authors | Samaa Hesham Mohamed Mahdy | Issue Date | 2017 |
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