Assessment of Endothelial dysfunction in overweight and obese Egyptian children
Shaimaa Abdel Halem Abd-Allah Al-Khouly;
Abstract
Summary and Conclusion
C
hild obesity is becoming a public health problem worldwide, but the prevalence of obesity varies remarkably across countries with different socioeconomic development levels (Youfa et al., 2001). The worldwide prevalence of obesity has rapidly risen to epidemic proportions in the past decades, not only in industrialized nations but also in developing countries (Flegal et al., 2010). Childhood overweight and obesity have increased dramatically since 1990. These findings confirm the need for effective interventions starting as early as infancy to reverse anticipated trends (Mercedes et al., 2010).
Obese children without comorbidities have significantly impaired microvascular endothelial function (Kallerman et al., 2014); predisposing to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, liver and renal disease, and reproductive dysfunction. This condition also increases the risk of adult-onset obesity and cardiovascular disease (Ogden et al., 2007).
Aim of this work was to assess endothelial dysfunction in overweight & obese Egyptian children.
This study included forty (40) patients who were recruited from pediatric out-patient & obesity clinics, Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University (ASU) during the period from November 2012 to November 2013.
Twelve (12) age & sex matched apparently healthy children were chosen as a control group.
The age of the children included in the study ranged between (6-13) years with a mean age of (10.5±1.99) years. They were twenty-seven (27) males & twenty-five (25) females with males to females ratio (1.08: 1)
Patient group was sub divided to:
1) Overweight children (n: 20): It included ten (10) females & ten (10) males with males to females ratio (1: 1), their ages ranged from (6 – 13) years with mean age of (10.9±2.02) years.
2) Obese children (n: 20): It included eleven (11) males & nine (9) females with males to females ratio (1.2: 1), their ages ranged between (6 -13) years with mean age of (10.9±2.02) years.
Obese children were classified into two subgroups according to BMI (Cape Town Metropole Paediatric Interest Group, 2009) also to:
Group 1: (n: 11) Simple obesity their ages ranged between
(6-13) years with a mean age of eleven (11) years old.
They were five (5) males & six (6) females with males to females ratio (1: 1.2).
Group 2: (n: 9) Moderate & Severe (Morbid) obesity their ages ranged between (8:13) years with a mean age of eleven (11) years old.
They were six (6) males & three (3) females with males to females ratio (2:1).
For all the studied patients & control groups; blood pressure, anthropometric measurements including (weight, Height, BMI and triceps skin full thickness), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs) & spirometric pulmonary function test (PFT) were evaluated.
Assessment of endothelial dysfunction was done by flow cytometry (FCM); using CD146PE for circulating endothelial cells (CECs).
Doppler ultrasound for both brachial & common carotid arteries before & after handgrip exercise was also done to assess endothelial dependent dilatation (EDD %) & flow mediated resistive index (FMRI %).
In this work; a high statistical significance was noticed between the overweight, obese & control groups as regard systolic & diastolic blood-pressure centiles. Among obese children 15% were ≥99th centile for age & sex as regard systolic blood-pressure & 10% of obese children were ≥99th centile for age & sex as regard diastolic blood-pressure.
No statistical significant difference between the studied groups as regard total cholesterol & triglycerides (P>0.5) & all spirometric pulmonary function test (PFT) [FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC & MMEF(25-75)%] (P>0.5).
C
hild obesity is becoming a public health problem worldwide, but the prevalence of obesity varies remarkably across countries with different socioeconomic development levels (Youfa et al., 2001). The worldwide prevalence of obesity has rapidly risen to epidemic proportions in the past decades, not only in industrialized nations but also in developing countries (Flegal et al., 2010). Childhood overweight and obesity have increased dramatically since 1990. These findings confirm the need for effective interventions starting as early as infancy to reverse anticipated trends (Mercedes et al., 2010).
Obese children without comorbidities have significantly impaired microvascular endothelial function (Kallerman et al., 2014); predisposing to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, liver and renal disease, and reproductive dysfunction. This condition also increases the risk of adult-onset obesity and cardiovascular disease (Ogden et al., 2007).
Aim of this work was to assess endothelial dysfunction in overweight & obese Egyptian children.
This study included forty (40) patients who were recruited from pediatric out-patient & obesity clinics, Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University (ASU) during the period from November 2012 to November 2013.
Twelve (12) age & sex matched apparently healthy children were chosen as a control group.
The age of the children included in the study ranged between (6-13) years with a mean age of (10.5±1.99) years. They were twenty-seven (27) males & twenty-five (25) females with males to females ratio (1.08: 1)
Patient group was sub divided to:
1) Overweight children (n: 20): It included ten (10) females & ten (10) males with males to females ratio (1: 1), their ages ranged from (6 – 13) years with mean age of (10.9±2.02) years.
2) Obese children (n: 20): It included eleven (11) males & nine (9) females with males to females ratio (1.2: 1), their ages ranged between (6 -13) years with mean age of (10.9±2.02) years.
Obese children were classified into two subgroups according to BMI (Cape Town Metropole Paediatric Interest Group, 2009) also to:
Group 1: (n: 11) Simple obesity their ages ranged between
(6-13) years with a mean age of eleven (11) years old.
They were five (5) males & six (6) females with males to females ratio (1: 1.2).
Group 2: (n: 9) Moderate & Severe (Morbid) obesity their ages ranged between (8:13) years with a mean age of eleven (11) years old.
They were six (6) males & three (3) females with males to females ratio (2:1).
For all the studied patients & control groups; blood pressure, anthropometric measurements including (weight, Height, BMI and triceps skin full thickness), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs) & spirometric pulmonary function test (PFT) were evaluated.
Assessment of endothelial dysfunction was done by flow cytometry (FCM); using CD146PE for circulating endothelial cells (CECs).
Doppler ultrasound for both brachial & common carotid arteries before & after handgrip exercise was also done to assess endothelial dependent dilatation (EDD %) & flow mediated resistive index (FMRI %).
In this work; a high statistical significance was noticed between the overweight, obese & control groups as regard systolic & diastolic blood-pressure centiles. Among obese children 15% were ≥99th centile for age & sex as regard systolic blood-pressure & 10% of obese children were ≥99th centile for age & sex as regard diastolic blood-pressure.
No statistical significant difference between the studied groups as regard total cholesterol & triglycerides (P>0.5) & all spirometric pulmonary function test (PFT) [FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC & MMEF(25-75)%] (P>0.5).
Other data
| Title | Assessment of Endothelial dysfunction in overweight and obese Egyptian children | Other Titles | تقييم الاختلال الوظيفى للخلايا المبطنة للأوعية الدموية فى الأطفال المصريين المصابين بزيادة الوزن والسمنة | Authors | Shaimaa Abdel Halem Abd-Allah Al-Khouly | Issue Date | 2015 |
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