Radiation-induced synthesis of some Nanomaterials
Mohammed El-Sayed El-Sayed Hassan Bakhit;
Abstract
Organic–inorganic nanocomposites have become a prominent area of current research and development in the field of nanotechnology. Nanocomposites are materials composed of a polymeric host in which particles of nanoscale dimensions such as metal oxides, carbon materials, semiconductor metallic nanocrystals, and clays are incorporated. Nanocomposites are currently being used in a number of fields and new applications are continuously being developed including thin-film capacitors, electrolytes for batteries, biomaterials and a variety of devices in solar and fuel cells.
In this thesis, we prepared a series of Copper/poly (vinyl alcohol) (Cu/PVA) and Cadmium Sulfide /Polystyrene (CdS/PS) nanocomposites using the radiation-induced process.
Cu/PVA nanocomposites films were successfully synthesized using gamma radiation-induced method. The physico-chemical properties, structure and morphology of the nanocomposite films have been studied as a function of copper sulphate precursor concentration, irradiation dose and PVA percentage. UV–vis absorption spectra showed that the surface plasmon resonance bands of the Cu nanoparticles around 580 nm were red shifted with increasing both irradiation dose and Cu2+ ion concentration. The X-ray diffraction patterns show the formation of the Cu nanoparticles in a face cubic structure with different particle sizes as a function of either irradiation doses or Cu2+ ion concentrations. The size of the as-prepared Cu nanoparticles ranged from 13.9 nm to around 19 nm. The FTIR spectrum provides sufficient evidences for the involvement of PVA in stabilizing the Cu nanoparticles. Cu/PVA nanocomposites films have a drastic catalytic effect on the degradation of methyl orange in the presence of sodium borohydride. Moreover, the conductivity of PVA increases with incorporation of Cu nanoparticles into PVA matrix.
Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were prepared by chemical reduction and radiation-induced process. The TEM images and UV-visible spectra indicated that the average size of the CuNPs using gamma radiolysis method was smaller than those prepared by chemical reduction method. The particle size was found to be 35.1 nm and 30 nm for the Cu nanoparticles prepared chemically and by radiolysis, respectively. The radiolytic method provides CuNPs in fully reduced and highly pure state as compared to chemical reduction method. The resultant CuNPs by gamma radiolysis method exhibited excellent catalytic property in the reduction of toxic pollutant p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol.
Also, we have synthesized CdS nanoparticles by the γ-ray irradiation method and then embedded in polystyrene polymer with different concentrations forming CdS/PS nanocomposites films. The XRD results indicated the formation of CdS nanoparticles. UV–vis spectroscopy revealed that the CdS/PS nanocomposites films showed quantum confinement effect. The photoluminescence spectra of CdS/PS nanocomposites films showed two emission bands arising from the presence of CdS nanoparticles.
Moreover, coreshell CdS/polystyrene nanocomposites were prepared using γ-irradiation technique. The polymerization of styrene was carried out using γ-irradiation in the presence of PVP as a stabilizer. The TEM images illustrate the correshell form of CdS nanoparticles around polystyrene. The FTIR spectrum provides sufficient evidences for the stabilization of CdS nanoparticles by PVP polymers that surround the polystyrene.
In this thesis, we prepared a series of Copper/poly (vinyl alcohol) (Cu/PVA) and Cadmium Sulfide /Polystyrene (CdS/PS) nanocomposites using the radiation-induced process.
Cu/PVA nanocomposites films were successfully synthesized using gamma radiation-induced method. The physico-chemical properties, structure and morphology of the nanocomposite films have been studied as a function of copper sulphate precursor concentration, irradiation dose and PVA percentage. UV–vis absorption spectra showed that the surface plasmon resonance bands of the Cu nanoparticles around 580 nm were red shifted with increasing both irradiation dose and Cu2+ ion concentration. The X-ray diffraction patterns show the formation of the Cu nanoparticles in a face cubic structure with different particle sizes as a function of either irradiation doses or Cu2+ ion concentrations. The size of the as-prepared Cu nanoparticles ranged from 13.9 nm to around 19 nm. The FTIR spectrum provides sufficient evidences for the involvement of PVA in stabilizing the Cu nanoparticles. Cu/PVA nanocomposites films have a drastic catalytic effect on the degradation of methyl orange in the presence of sodium borohydride. Moreover, the conductivity of PVA increases with incorporation of Cu nanoparticles into PVA matrix.
Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were prepared by chemical reduction and radiation-induced process. The TEM images and UV-visible spectra indicated that the average size of the CuNPs using gamma radiolysis method was smaller than those prepared by chemical reduction method. The particle size was found to be 35.1 nm and 30 nm for the Cu nanoparticles prepared chemically and by radiolysis, respectively. The radiolytic method provides CuNPs in fully reduced and highly pure state as compared to chemical reduction method. The resultant CuNPs by gamma radiolysis method exhibited excellent catalytic property in the reduction of toxic pollutant p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol.
Also, we have synthesized CdS nanoparticles by the γ-ray irradiation method and then embedded in polystyrene polymer with different concentrations forming CdS/PS nanocomposites films. The XRD results indicated the formation of CdS nanoparticles. UV–vis spectroscopy revealed that the CdS/PS nanocomposites films showed quantum confinement effect. The photoluminescence spectra of CdS/PS nanocomposites films showed two emission bands arising from the presence of CdS nanoparticles.
Moreover, coreshell CdS/polystyrene nanocomposites were prepared using γ-irradiation technique. The polymerization of styrene was carried out using γ-irradiation in the presence of PVP as a stabilizer. The TEM images illustrate the correshell form of CdS nanoparticles around polystyrene. The FTIR spectrum provides sufficient evidences for the stabilization of CdS nanoparticles by PVP polymers that surround the polystyrene.
Other data
| Title | Radiation-induced synthesis of some Nanomaterials | Other Titles | تحضير بعض المواد النانومترية بالحث الاشعاعي | Authors | Mohammed El-Sayed El-Sayed Hassan Bakhit | Issue Date | 2017 |
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