Update in Revision of Failed Weight Loss and Metabolic Surgery

Abstract

Summary Morbid obesity is a worldwide serious health problem, prevalence is steadily rising to epidemic proportions. The reason why any given individual becomes obese are complex and related to genetic, environmental, and other factors. Nevertheless, the associated increased mortality, medical morbidity and impairment of quality of life and social relationship conveys the increased global awareness of the seriousness of obesity as a health issue and promots a more aggressive attitude towards its management Surgical approaches include procedures that decrease the volume capacitance of the proximal stomach (e.g. vertical banded gastroplasty and gastric banding), procedures that establish a partial selective malabsorption (e.g. partial biliopancreatic bypass with duodenal switch) or a combination of both gastric restriction and dumping physiology (e.g. gastric bypass).