Depression in Schizophrenic Patients
Heba Said Sakr;
Abstract
It is generally acknowledged that depressive symptoms represent an important and distinct symptom domain in schizophrenia, and may occur at any time during the course of the illness.
Most recent research has shown that they indicate a poor prognosis in terms of recovery and reintegration into the community and they clearly play a part in the devastating long-term nature of schizophrenia
Moreover, mood state, energy loss, impaired concentration and reduced self-confidence are depressive dimensions that materially contribute to the loss of social and vocational capacity experienced by schizophrenic subjects,thus reducing their quality of life. In other words, people with schizophrenia and concurrent depressive symptoms are significantly more likely than non-depressed schizophrenic patients to use relapse-related mental health services, to be a safety concern, and to report poorer life satisfaction, quality of life, mental functioning, family relationships and medical adherence.
The importance and severity of depression in schizophrenia is sustained by the high 10–15% rate of suicide, which is the leading cause of premature death among schizophrenics.
Hypothesis:
So in this study tested the hypothesis that, Patients with schizophrenia have considerable depressive symptom.
Aim of the work:
• To search for depressive symptoms and or disorder among group of patients with schizophrenia..
• To correlate those depressive symptoms with other illness variables as duration of illness.
Subjects and methods:
After ethical approval and consent, selection of 40 patients diagnosed as schizophrenia according to DSMIV criteria, then assessment of severity of schizophrenic symptoms by using positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), The Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia.
Data obtained was analyzed using statistical package for social science SPSS version 17. The results were tabulated, grouped and statistically analyzed using the following tests:
1. Descriptive statistics as mean+/- SD, frequency and percentage
2. Student test: (to compare between two independent means).
3. Chi-square (X2): To compare between two means in case of qualitative data.
4. Pearson Correlation Test (r): and Spearman's rank correlation.
Results:-
Analysis of data of 40 patients, 13 females (32.5%) and 27 males (67.5%). Mean age among them was (37+/-10.5) years. 60% of the sample had co depression. There was significant direct correlation between depressed mood and sex as it was more severe in males. In addition there was significant correlation between positive medical history on one hand and self-depreciation, hopelessness, total score of the scale on the other hand as P were 0.039, 0.046 and 0.006 respectively. Comparing different categories of depression regarding categorical variables revealed significant difference as P was 0.047 that 71.4% of patients with positive medical history had moderate depression and the remaining divided between mild and severe depression.
Furthermore there was significant direct correlation between self- depreciation and negative symptoms as P was 0.020., also there was significant correlation between GPS on one hand and guilty ideas, early awakening on the other hand as P was 0.037 and 0.048 respectively.
Discussion:-
This study reported that 60% of the sample had co depression with no significant gender differences however severity of depressive symptoms of Calgary scale were more in males with different results among different studies as some found depression more among females contrary to the current study while other found that depressive symptoms were more severe in males as in this study. Moreover patient with positive medical history were more likely to have depression that was in concordance with some authors. In addition more negative symptoms was associated with more self depreciation and higher score of GPS was associated with more guilty ideas and early awakening that was similar to some studies.
Conclusion:
The current study proved the presence of depressive symptoms in schizophrenia as 60% of the sample had co-depression while 37.5% had mild depressive symptoms, 60% moderate and 2.5% had severe depressive symptoms. Similar to previous studies, this study proved the association of positive medical history with more depressive symptoms.
Most recent research has shown that they indicate a poor prognosis in terms of recovery and reintegration into the community and they clearly play a part in the devastating long-term nature of schizophrenia
Moreover, mood state, energy loss, impaired concentration and reduced self-confidence are depressive dimensions that materially contribute to the loss of social and vocational capacity experienced by schizophrenic subjects,thus reducing their quality of life. In other words, people with schizophrenia and concurrent depressive symptoms are significantly more likely than non-depressed schizophrenic patients to use relapse-related mental health services, to be a safety concern, and to report poorer life satisfaction, quality of life, mental functioning, family relationships and medical adherence.
The importance and severity of depression in schizophrenia is sustained by the high 10–15% rate of suicide, which is the leading cause of premature death among schizophrenics.
Hypothesis:
So in this study tested the hypothesis that, Patients with schizophrenia have considerable depressive symptom.
Aim of the work:
• To search for depressive symptoms and or disorder among group of patients with schizophrenia..
• To correlate those depressive symptoms with other illness variables as duration of illness.
Subjects and methods:
After ethical approval and consent, selection of 40 patients diagnosed as schizophrenia according to DSMIV criteria, then assessment of severity of schizophrenic symptoms by using positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS), The Calgary depression scale for schizophrenia.
Data obtained was analyzed using statistical package for social science SPSS version 17. The results were tabulated, grouped and statistically analyzed using the following tests:
1. Descriptive statistics as mean+/- SD, frequency and percentage
2. Student test: (to compare between two independent means).
3. Chi-square (X2): To compare between two means in case of qualitative data.
4. Pearson Correlation Test (r): and Spearman's rank correlation.
Results:-
Analysis of data of 40 patients, 13 females (32.5%) and 27 males (67.5%). Mean age among them was (37+/-10.5) years. 60% of the sample had co depression. There was significant direct correlation between depressed mood and sex as it was more severe in males. In addition there was significant correlation between positive medical history on one hand and self-depreciation, hopelessness, total score of the scale on the other hand as P were 0.039, 0.046 and 0.006 respectively. Comparing different categories of depression regarding categorical variables revealed significant difference as P was 0.047 that 71.4% of patients with positive medical history had moderate depression and the remaining divided between mild and severe depression.
Furthermore there was significant direct correlation between self- depreciation and negative symptoms as P was 0.020., also there was significant correlation between GPS on one hand and guilty ideas, early awakening on the other hand as P was 0.037 and 0.048 respectively.
Discussion:-
This study reported that 60% of the sample had co depression with no significant gender differences however severity of depressive symptoms of Calgary scale were more in males with different results among different studies as some found depression more among females contrary to the current study while other found that depressive symptoms were more severe in males as in this study. Moreover patient with positive medical history were more likely to have depression that was in concordance with some authors. In addition more negative symptoms was associated with more self depreciation and higher score of GPS was associated with more guilty ideas and early awakening that was similar to some studies.
Conclusion:
The current study proved the presence of depressive symptoms in schizophrenia as 60% of the sample had co-depression while 37.5% had mild depressive symptoms, 60% moderate and 2.5% had severe depressive symptoms. Similar to previous studies, this study proved the association of positive medical history with more depressive symptoms.
Other data
| Title | Depression in Schizophrenic Patients | Other Titles | الاكتئاب في مرضي الفصام العقلي | Authors | Heba Said Sakr | Issue Date | 2014 |
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