Karyotype and Molecular characterization of some Vicia faba L. genotypes under stress conditions

Hasnaa Hamdy Hassan El-Agwany;

Abstract


Five faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes which have different response to salt and drought stress and are adapted to cultivation in Egyptian agricultural conditions were used. The used genetic materials were NBL (Mar.3) , NBL-5 and L3 chosen through faba bean breeding program of Plant Genetic Resources Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo Egypt; Nubariya-1 and Misr-1 from Agricultural Research Center.
Two pot experiments were carried out under three levels of each drought and salinity in the green house in the experimental garden of the Botany Department, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University.
Chromosomal studies are based on visible characteristics of the chromosomes. According to the parameter, genotype (G.4) may be considered as less evolved one. But, genotype (G.1) may be considered the more evolved one.
Three morphological traits (leaf area, stem height and Number of branches) were measured, data showed significant differences that increase in stress had resulted in a reduction in total leaf area, stem height and number of branches. Genotype (G.1) recorded the highest values of leaf area under both two stress conditions. Also, Genotype (G.2) recorded the highest value under the levels of drought and salt stress. Where, genotype (G.2) recorded the highest number of branches. But less number of branches/plant recorded in genotype (G.4) under drought stress and in genotype (G.5) under salt stress.
Shoot fresh and dry weight decreased with increasing drought and salt stress levels in all genotypes. Where genotype (G.1) gave the highest shoot fresh and dry weight under drought stress levels and genotype (G.2) under salt stress levels. Also, genotype (G.3) recorded the least shoot fresh and dry weight under the two stress conditions.
Seed yield /plant presence wide range of differences among all genotypes in each of the two a biotic stresses in focus. These reflect a fluctuation response in each of the eleven tolerance indices for drought experiment and for salinity experiment. For the effect of drought stress levels, genotype (G.2) ranks first under the highest stress level. This confirmed by detecting the lowest values of SSI and TOL indices as well as the highest values of STI, k2STI and YSI for genotype (G.2). Therefore, genotype (G.2) considered as the highest drought tolerant genotype while (G.5) is the most sensitive one. Similar conclusion is true for (G.1) as a best tolerant genotype under salinity experiment conditions while, G.4 and G.5 were the most sensitive one's.
In all genotypes, the photosynthetic pigments were decreased under stress. Stressed plants at the first level showed higher values of carotenoids content. Genotypes (G.1) and (G.2) had higher values of total chlorophyll content than other genotypes whereas, genotype (G.3) showed the highest values of carotenoids under both drought and salinity stress.
The total carbohydrates and starch have significantly decreased with increasing stress levels. Genotype (G.2) and genotype (G.1) recorded the highest mean values of total carbohydrates under drought and salinity stress respectively. But genotype (G.5) recorded the highest mean value and genotype (G.2) recorded the lowest mean value of starch under salt stress condition. On the other hand, significantly increase in the total soluble sugars with increasing the water and salt stress levels in all genotypes. Genotype (G.2) recorded the highest mean value where, genotype (G.5) recorded the lowest mean value.
Total protein decreased with increasing water and salt stress level. Genotype (G.2) and genotype (G.1) recorded the highest mean of total protein under drought and salt stress respectively, but genotype (G.5) and genotype (G.4) recorded the lowest mean value.
Total free amino acid and total phenolics increased with increasing stress levels where, genotype (G.4) recorded the highest free amino acid value under second drought stress where the lowest value was recorded in genotype (G.3) under the second level of salinity stress. For total phenolics, genotype (G.3) recorded the highest mean value under both water and salt stress but genotypes (G.2) and (G.4) were recorded the lowest mean value under water stress and salt stress, respectively.
Water and salinity stress caused decrease in nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium contents under stress condition. Where calcium content increased under the first level of stress and then decreased under the second level of stress. Sodium was non significantly increased under water stress relative to control but recorded significantly under salt stress. Chloride recorded significantly increase under both water and salt stress.


Other data

Title Karyotype and Molecular characterization of some Vicia faba L. genotypes under stress conditions
Other Titles التوصيف الكروموسومى والجزيئى لبعض التراكيب الوراثية من الفول البلدى تحت ظروف الإجهاد
Authors Hasnaa Hamdy Hassan El-Agwany
Issue Date 2015

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