PES PLANUS IN EARLY 3 YEARS OF LIFE

Abstract

This assay incl udes 4 chapters. The fi rst chapter i ncludes an ana tomica l background of the foot and its arches wel l as the biomecha nics at the d i fferen t positi ons d uri ng both m ovemen ts and t he si lence. The second cha pter includes the pa thoan atomical cl assifica tion of the pes pl a nus a nd its causes in the fi rst three years of l i fe wh ich could be classi fied in to; firstl y, ph ysi ol ogical pes planus whi ch may be of the in fan t il e type w h ic h occu rs in neon ates and todd lers due to nom1al infan t pad fat along th e medial aspect of the foot and n01mal joint hypermobil ity. H yper-mobi le fl a t foot a t wh ich the arches are normal when wei ght i s not been borne bu t in w hi ch the a rches collapses w i th wei gh t beari ng. Secondly, a pathol ogical pes pl an us which could be classi fied i n to congen i tal ca l caneoval gus fl at. foot a nd congenital verti cal ta l us w h ich is t he rigid flat foot deformity. The th i rd chapter incl udes the d i agnosis of flat foot wh i ch depends on the cl in i cal exa mina ti on , special tests, rad iologi ca l exam in ati on and photography a t different positions. The l ast c hapter i ncludes the management of d i fferen t types of pes pl anu s a t the fi rst three years of l ife w hi ch ei ther conserva ti ve or su rgi cal and t he ind i cations of each.