RECENT TUMOR MARKERS FOR URINARY BLADDER CANCER

Abstract

I n Egypt, bladder cancer is the most common malignancy among males. Schistosoma infection was previously a major risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) has been increasing while SCC has declined. Although, cystoscopy and cytology have been the “gold standard” for initial diagnosis and surveillance, however, cystoscopy is costly, invasive, and uncomfortable. In addition, urine cytology is of limited value due to dependency on cytopathologists and a low sensitivity, especially for low-grade lesions. Hence, many non invasive marker tests have been investigated extensively in recent years. In this research we hope that we spotlight anon invasive method for early detection of urinary bladder cancer &diagnosis of recurrence that is the tumor markers that recently had been proved to be of great value in early detection of patient with urinary bladder cancer & following them after radical operations. But unfortunately they are expensive, some of them have low sensitivity & affected by other conditions like hematuria. We hope that there are markers that avoid all these disadvantages soon.