A COMPARISON BETWEEN OPEN SURGERY AND LAPAROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES FOR MALIGNANT RECTAL TUMORS

Abstract

SUMMARY & CONCLUSION C olorectal cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in United States and has the second highest cancer-related mortality rate after lung cancer. Incidence of cancer colon increase with increasing socioeconomic status. Diets high in meat and fat, low in fruit and vegetables are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. A number of groups have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. At highest risk are those with either of the dominantly inherited conditions familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary non polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Most colorectal cancer arises in adenomatous polyps and their ablation arrests the development of cancer. Other groups at moderately increased risk include those with long standing ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. Because of the slow growth period, regular screening tests can detect colorectal cancer in its earliest phase , before any symptoms have occurred, several approaches are available for the detection of colorectal neoplasia, including physical examination, digital rectal examination, fecal occult blood testing, serum carcinoembryonic antigen, standard sigmoidoscopy, fiber optic sigmoidoscopy, full colonoscopy, single and double contrast barium enema, CT & MRI scans and combinations of these procedure.