Comparative study between Conners parent scale and Conners third edition self-report scale in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is recognized as one of the most prevalent behavioral disorders. ADHD is a relatively chronic disorder affecting many domains of life. The cause of most cases of ADHD is unknown; however it is believed to involve interactions between biological and environmental factors. We declared the genetic contributions in the etiology of ADHD using family and adoption studies, twin studies, and molecular genetic studies in addition the neurotransmitters role in ADHD. In the environmental contributions in etiology of ADHD we discussed the role of the complication during pregnancy and birth, infection, dietary factors, tobacco smoking, low birth weight, poisoning and Pesticide exposure and social factors. The controversy about how to diagnose ADHD is seen in the differences between US diagnostic criteria for the disorder, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric association (DSM), and the European diagnostic criteria for hyperkinetic disorder (HKD), as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD).