Anesthetic considerations of a child with Down's syndrome

Abstract

Down's syndrome is one of the commonest chromosomal abnormalities.There is multiple modes of inheritance. There 's unique facial features and multi system affection in child with Down's syndrome such as cardiovascular, respiratory ,endocrinal, gastrointestinal and skeletal systems. Aim of preoperative evaluation is reduction of morbidity and mortality during and after anesthesia. History and examination is required to identify associated congenital problems prior to anesthesia. Consultants recommend all infants with Down's syndrome to receive anelectrocardiogam and be evaluated by pediatric cardiologist. Atlanto-axial instability has been observed in significant number of children with Down's syndrome, so consultants recommend cervical x-ray to all children with Down's syndrome older than 5 years, or having neurological symptoms. Also consultants recommend all children with Down's syndrome to be screened for hearing loss and be examined by pediatric eye specialist.