Genetic Studies on some Hordeum vulgare Varieties

Abstract

The present investigation was conducted to study the phenetic and the phylogenetic relationships between ten Egyptian Hordeumvulgare L varietiesdepending on agro-morphological criteria, molecular genetic markers (RAPD-PCR, ISSR-PCR and microsatellite SSR-PCR) and protein banding patterns electrophoresis.This study also determined the viable marker which has potential power in discrimination and identification of cultivars and landraces.The results ofagro-morphological traits measurement reflected that Giza 2000 and WadiSedr gave good vegetative growth and yield productivity,in contrast Giza 129 gave poor vegetative growth and yield productivity. InRAPD analyses using 22 random primers, we recorded a total number of bands 316, from which 132 (41.77%) were polymorphic while in ISSR analyses using 10 primers,thetotal bands (159)were detected, among which 98 bands (62.02%) were polymorphic, alsoSSR analyses using 7 primers showed a total of 15 bands, among which 8 bands (61.22%) were polymorphic. This indicated that ISSR was better than RAPD to detect genetic diversity among the barley varieties. The genetic distance tree was produced by UPGMA based on agro-morphological data stated the pedigree of studied cultivars. However in the genetic distance tree based on molecular markers (RAPD, ISSRand SSR) and analysis of combined data and proteins banding patterns indicated that the genetic relationships among studied cultivars were not in full agreement with the pedigree. Moreover,we studied the effect of salt stress by different NaCl concentrations (0, 9000, 12000 and 15000 ppm) on analysis of variance of agro-morphological traitswhich showed that the most tolerant varieties were Giza 2000 and WadiSedr.In addition, the effect of salt stress on soluble protein contents in leaves was studiedat three sampling time points (sampling after 24 hours, 1st week and 2nd week salt treatments)whichshoweda maximum polymorphism after 2ndweek from salt treatments and showed the lowest variation, while after 24 hour and 1st week from salt treatments showed a maximum variation.