COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HLA TYPING IN INSULIN - DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS

Abstract

Diabetes is a genetically heterogeneous autoimmune disease affecting about 0.3% of the Caucasian population. Despite its often abrupt clinical onset, IDDM is the result of a slow progressive autoimmune destruction of

the beta cells of the pancreas. This latent period may provide a lot of

information for treatment to prevent the onset of clinical disease.

The immune system which is been triggered here have three items (humoral antibodieL cellular and HA molecular association). The immune markers (autoantibSdies) can identify people at risk for developing IDDM prior to the onset f clinical disease status. The predictive value of these autoantibodies (ICA, GAD, IAA, IA-2A, 37K, and Phogrin) is high in the ' first degree relative's ofiDDM.

However, tliere is no evidence that autoantibodies are pathogenic, there is an indirbct evidence that T-cell lymphocyte are the major determinant of betcell destruction. The infiltration of the islet cell with lymphocytes (insJlitis, the • transfer of the disease by bone marrow transplantation frOIJ1 a diseased donor, and the recurrence of the disease in a diseased patients after islet cell transplantation from his healthy co-twi AII these observations are part of the main evidences that contribute T-cell lymphocyte in islet-cell destruction.