GENETIC MAPPING AS DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TOOL
Dina El-Sayed EI-Shennawy;
Abstract
The genetic basis of many human diseases, specially those with substantial genetic determinants, has been identified.
A variety of methods have been used to identify human genes, specially those genes that are responsible for certain diseases, and this is called; gene mapping, which means the assignment of genes to specific chromosome location.
There are several kinds of gene mapping:
1) Physical mapping: which orders genes or markers along the DNA strand of a particular chromosome. it includes, low resolution physical map, by which the smallest map unit that can be resolved is typically one to several megabases of DNA, and high resolution physical map which is typically very high resolution, from hundreds of kilobases to single base.
2)Linkage mapping: which also called genetic map. In this type of map, the linkage between diseased gene and a known marker is used to identify this gene. It is mainly used in family screening to detect carrier state of hereditary disease.
3) The cytogenetic map: which is a series of bands that are visualized when the chromosomes are stained, which places genes into specific cytogenetic bands of karyotype. It is most commonly used, and the most important type of maps. It includes; FISH, PCR, karyotyping, and flow cytometry.
4)DNA sequencing: which is the ultimate gene map, it represents a linear carry of all genes and markers, it encodes.
The gene map allows the knowledge of human genome anatomy, which is necessary to understand the function of human genome and analysis of various genetic diseases, and through localization of diseased gene by gene mapping, gene therapy become easy to be applied.
A variety of methods have been used to identify human genes, specially those genes that are responsible for certain diseases, and this is called; gene mapping, which means the assignment of genes to specific chromosome location.
There are several kinds of gene mapping:
1) Physical mapping: which orders genes or markers along the DNA strand of a particular chromosome. it includes, low resolution physical map, by which the smallest map unit that can be resolved is typically one to several megabases of DNA, and high resolution physical map which is typically very high resolution, from hundreds of kilobases to single base.
2)Linkage mapping: which also called genetic map. In this type of map, the linkage between diseased gene and a known marker is used to identify this gene. It is mainly used in family screening to detect carrier state of hereditary disease.
3) The cytogenetic map: which is a series of bands that are visualized when the chromosomes are stained, which places genes into specific cytogenetic bands of karyotype. It is most commonly used, and the most important type of maps. It includes; FISH, PCR, karyotyping, and flow cytometry.
4)DNA sequencing: which is the ultimate gene map, it represents a linear carry of all genes and markers, it encodes.
The gene map allows the knowledge of human genome anatomy, which is necessary to understand the function of human genome and analysis of various genetic diseases, and through localization of diseased gene by gene mapping, gene therapy become easy to be applied.
Other data
| Title | GENETIC MAPPING AS DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TOOL | Other Titles | الخريطة الجينية كأداة للتشخيص والعلاج | Authors | Dina El-Sayed EI-Shennawy | Issue Date | 2001 |
Attached Files
| File | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dina El-Sayed EI-Shennawy.pdf | 2.37 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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